Throttling Authentication Attempts - Failure

CAS provides a facility for limiting failed login attempts to support password guessing and related abuse scenarios. A couple strategies are provided for tracking failed attempts:

  1. Source IP - Limit successive failed logins against any username from the same IP address.
  2. Source IP and username - Limit successive failed logins against a particular user from the same IP address.

All login throttling components that ship with CAS limit successive failed login attempts that exceed a threshold rate, which is a time in seconds between two failures. The following properties are provided to define the failure rate.

  • threshold - Number of failed login attempts.
  • rangeSeconds - Period of time in seconds.

A request counts as a failed attempt when its response has the status 401, which is how CAS endpoints answer a failed authentication; endpoints that must answer with another status, such as SAML2 ECP with a SOAP fault, mark the request as a failed attempt explicitly. Other responses, such as malformed requests (400), authorization denials (403), missing resources (404) or server errors (500), are not counted.

A failure rate of more than 1 per 3 seconds is indicative of an automated authentication attempt, which is a reasonable basis for throttling policy. Regardless of policy care should be taken to weigh security against access; overly restrictive policies may prevent legitimate authentication attempts.

:information_source: Threshold Rate

The failure threshold rate is calculated as: threshold / rangeSeconds. For instance, the failure rate for the above scenario would be 0.333333. An authentication attempt may be considered throttled if the request submission rate (calculated as the difference between the current date and the last submission date) exceeds the failure threshold rate.

Enable the following module in your configuration overlay:

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apereo.cas</groupId>
    <artifactId>cas-server-support-throttle</artifactId>
    <version>${cas.version}</version>
</dependency>
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implementation "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-throttle:${project.'cas.version'}"
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dependencyManagement {
    imports {
        mavenBom "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-bom:${project.'cas.version'}"
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-throttle"
}
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dependencies {
    /*
        The following platform references are included automatically and are listed for reference only.

        implementation enforcedPlatform("org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-bom:${project.'cas.version'}")
        implementation platform(org.springframework.boot.gradle.plugin.SpringBootPlugin.BOM_COORDINATES)
        
    */
    implementation "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-throttle"
}

Configuration

The following settings and properties are available from the CAS configuration catalog:

cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.instance-nameThe instance name.
no default
RequiredSpEL

The instance name.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
Supports
Spring Expression Language
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.access-keyAWS access key.
no default
Required

AWS access key.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.secret-keyAWS secret key.
no default
Required

AWS secret key.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.client-idThe Azure Active Directory Service Principal client ID.
no default
Required

The Azure Active Directory Service Principal client ID.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAzureDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.client-secretThe Azure Active Directory Service Principal client secret.
no default
Required

The Azure Active Directory Service Principal client secret.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAzureDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.cluster-idThe name of the tag on the hazelcast vm resources.
no default
Required

The name of the tag on the hazelcast vm resources. With every Hazelcast Virtual Machine you deploy in your resource group, you need to ensure that each VM is tagged with the value of cluster-id defined in your Hazelcast configuration. The only requirement is that every VM can access each other either by private or public IP address.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAzureDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.group-nameThe Azure resource group name of the cluster.
no default
Required

The Azure resource group name of the cluster. You can find this in the Azure portal or CLI.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAzureDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.subscription-idThe Azure subscription ID.
no default
Required

The Azure subscription ID.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAzureDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.tenant-idThe Azure Active Directory tenant ID.
no default
Required

The Azure Active Directory tenant ID.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAzureDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.credentialCloud Provider credential, can be thought of as a password for cloud services.
no default
Required

Cloud Provider credential, can be thought of as a password for cloud services.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.identityCloud Provider identity, can be thought of as a user name for cloud services.
no default
Required

Cloud Provider identity, can be thought of as a user name for cloud services.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.providerString value that is used to identify ComputeService provider.
no default
Required

String value that is used to identify ComputeService provider. For example, "google-compute-engine" is used for Google Cloud services. See here for more info.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.zookeeper.groupName of this Hazelcast cluster.
no default
Required

Name of this Hazelcast cluster. You can have multiple distinct clusters to use the same ZooKeeper installation

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastZooKeeperDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.zookeeper.pathPath in zookeeper to be used for auto-discovery of members where members are tracked.
/discovery/hazelcast
Required

Path in zookeeper to be used for auto-discovery of members where members are tracked.

Type
String
Default
/discovery/hazelcast
Defined by
HazelcastZooKeeperDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.zookeeper.urlZookeeper url address typically in the format of ip-address:port .
no default
Required

Zookeeper url address typically in the format of ip-address:port.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastZooKeeperDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.membersSets the well known members.
no default
Required

Sets the well known members. If members is empty, calling this method will have the same effect as calling clear(). A member can be a comma separated string, e..g 10.11.12.1,10.11.12.2 which indicates multiple members are going to be added. The list of members must include ALL CAS server node, including the current node that owns this configuration.

Type
List<String>
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.portYou can specify the ports which Hazelcast will use to communicate between cluster members.
5701
Required

You can specify the ports which Hazelcast will use to communicate between cluster members. The name of the parameter for this is port and its default value is 5701. By default, Hazelcast will try 100 ports to bind. Meaning that, if you set the value of port as 5701, as members are joining to the cluster, Hazelcast tries to find ports between 5701 and 5801.

Type
Integer
Default
5701
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.core.app-codeApplication code used to identify this application in the audit logs.
CAS

Application code used to identify this application in the audit logs.

Type
String
Default
CAS
Defined by
ThrottleCoreProperties
cas.authn.throttle.core.header-nameRequest header name to use in order to extract a header value from the request.
no default

Request header name to use in order to extract a header value from the request.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
ThrottleCoreProperties
cas.authn.throttle.core.username-parameterUsername parameter to use in order to extract the username from the request.
no default

Username parameter to use in order to extract the username from the request.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
ThrottleCoreProperties
cas.authn.throttle.failure.codeFailure code to record in the audit log.
AUTHENTICATION_FAILED

Failure code to record in the audit log. Generally this indicates an authentication failure event.

Type
String
Default
AUTHENTICATION_FAILED
Defined by
ThrottleFailureProperties
cas.authn.throttle.failure.range-secondsPeriod of time in seconds for the threshold rate.
-1

Period of time in seconds for the threshold rate.

Type
Integer
Default
-1
Defined by
ThrottleFailureProperties
cas.authn.throttle.failure.thresholdNumber of failed login attempts for the threshold rate.
-1

Number of failed login attempts for the threshold rate.

Type
Integer
Default
-1
Defined by
ThrottleFailureProperties
cas.authn.throttle.failure.throttle-window-secondsIndicate the number of seconds the account should remain in a locked/throttled state before it can be released to continue again.
0
Duration

Indicate the number of seconds the account should remain in a locked/throttled state before it can be released to continue again. If no value is specified, the failure threshold and rate that is calculated would hold.

Type
String
Default
0
Defined by
ThrottleFailureProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.async-backup-countHazelcast supports both synchronous and asynchronous backups.
0

Hazelcast supports both synchronous and asynchronous backups. By default, backup operations are synchronous. In this case, backup operations block operations until backups are successfully copied to backup members (or deleted from backup members in case of remove) and acknowledgements are received. Therefore, backups are updated before a put operation is completed, provided that the cluster is stable. Asynchronous backups, on the other hand, do not block operations. They are fire and forget and do not require acknowledgements; the backup operations are performed at some point in time.

Type
Integer
Default
0
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.async-fillupUsed when replication is turned on with #isReplicated() .
true

Used when replication is turned on with #isReplicated().

If a new member joins the cluster, there are two ways you can handle the initial provisioning that is executed to replicate all existing values to the new member. Each involves how you configure the async fill up.
  • First, you can configure async fill up to true, which does not block reads while the fill up operation is underway. That way, you have immediate access on the new member, but it will take time until all the values are eventually accessible. Not yet replicated values are returned as non-existing (null).
  • Second, you can configure for a synchronous initial fill up (by configuring the async fill up to false), which blocks every read or write access to the map until the fill up operation is finished. Use this with caution since it might block your application from operating.
Type
Boolean
Default
true
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.backup-countTo provide data safety, Hazelcast allows you to specify the number of backup copies you want to have.
1

To provide data safety, Hazelcast allows you to specify the number of backup copies you want to have. That way, data on a cluster member will be copied onto other member(s). To create synchronous backups, select the number of backup copies. When this count is 1, a map entry will have its backup on one other member in the cluster. If you set it to 2, then a map entry will have its backup on two other members. You can set it to 0 if you do not want your entries to be backed up, e.g., if performance is more important than backing up. The maximum value for the backup count is 6. Sync backup operations have a blocking cost which may lead to latency issues.

Type
Integer
Default
1
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.cp-member-countCP Subsystem is a component of a Hazelcast cluster that builds a strongly consistent layer for a set of distributed data structures.
0

CP Subsystem is a component of a Hazelcast cluster that builds a strongly consistent layer for a set of distributed data structures. Its data structures are CP with respect to the CAP principle, i.e., they always maintain linearizability and prefer consistency over availability during network partitions. Besides network partitions, CP Subsystem withstands server and client failures. All members of a Hazelcast cluster do not necessarily take part in CP Subsystem. The number of Hazelcast members that take part in CP Subsystem is specified here. CP Subsystem must have at least 3 CP members.

Type
Integer
Default
0
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.eviction-policyHazelcast supports policy-based eviction for distributed maps.
LRU

Hazelcast supports policy-based eviction for distributed maps. Currently supported policies are LRU (Least Recently Used) and LFU (Least Frequently Used) and NONE.

Type
String
Default
LRU
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.logging-typeHazelcast has a flexible logging configuration and doesn't depend on any logging framework except JDK logging.
slf4j
Hazelcast has a flexible logging configuration and doesn't depend on any logging framework except JDK logging. It has in-built adaptors for a number of logging frameworks and also supports custom loggers by providing logging interfaces. To use built-in adaptors you should set this setting to one of predefined types below.
  • jdk: JDK logging
  • log4j: Log4j
  • slf4j: Slf4j
  • none: Disable logging
Type
String
Default
slf4j
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.map-merge-policyDefine how data items in Hazelcast maps are merged together from source to destination.
PUT_IF_ABSENT
Define how data items in Hazelcast maps are merged together from source to destination. By default, merges map entries from source to destination if they don't exist in the destination map. Accepted values are:
  • PUT_IF_ABSENT: Merges data structure entries from source to destination if they don't exist in the destination data structure.
  • HIGHER_HITS: * Merges data structure entries from source to destination data structure if the source entry has more hits than the destination one.
  • DISCARD: Merges only entries from the destination data structure and discards all entries from the source data structure.
  • PASS_THROUGH: Merges data structure entries from source to destination directly unless the merging entry is null
  • EXPIRATION_TIME: Merges data structure entries from source to destination data structure if the source entry will expire later than the destination entry. This policy can only be used if the clocks of the nodes are in sync.
  • LATEST_UPDATE: Merges data structure entries from source to destination data structure if the source entry was updated more frequently than the destination entry. This policy can only be used if the clocks of the nodes are in sync.
  • LATEST_ACCESS: Merges data structure entries from source to destination data structure if the source entry has been accessed more recently than the destination entry. This policy can only be used if the clocks of the nodes are in sync.
Type
String
Default
PUT_IF_ABSENT
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.max-no-heartbeat-secondsMax timeout of heartbeat in seconds for a node to assume it is dead.
300

Max timeout of heartbeat in seconds for a node to assume it is dead.

Type
Integer
Default
300
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.max-sizeSets the maximum size of the map.
85

Sets the maximum size of the map.

Type
Integer
Default
85
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.max-size-policyControl the max size policy.
USED_HEAP_PERCENTAGE
Control the max size policy.
  • FREE_HEAP_PERCENTAGE: Policy based on minimum free JVM heap memory percentage per JVM.
  • FREE_HEAP_SIZE: Policy based on minimum free JVM heap memory in megabytes per JVM.
  • FREE_NATIVE_MEMORY_PERCENTAGE: Policy based on minimum free native memory percentage per Hazelcast instance.
  • FREE_NATIVE_MEMORY_SIZE: Policy based on minimum free native memory in megabytes per Hazelcast instance.
  • PER_NODE: Policy based on maximum number of entries stored per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance.
  • PER_PARTITION: Policy based on maximum number of entries stored per data structure (map, cache etc) on each partition.
  • USED_HEAP_PERCENTAGE: Policy based on maximum used JVM heap memory percentage per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance .
  • USED_HEAP_SIZE: Policy based on maximum used JVM heap memory in megabytes per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance.
  • USED_NATIVE_MEMORY_PERCENTAGE: Policy based on maximum used native memory percentage per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance.
  • USED_NATIVE_MEMORY_SIZE: Policy based on maximum used native memory in megabytes per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance .
Type
String
Default
USED_HEAP_PERCENTAGE
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.partition-member-group-typeWith PartitionGroupConfig , you can control how primary and backup partitions are mapped to physical Members.
no default
With PartitionGroupConfig, you can control how primary and backup partitions are mapped to physical Members. Hazelcast will always place partitions on different partition groups so as to provide redundancy. Accepted value are: PER_MEMBER, HOST_AWARE, CUSTOM, ZONE_AWARE, SPI. In all cases a partition will never be created on the same group. If there are more partitions defined than there are partition groups, then only those partitions, up to the number of partition groups, will be created. For example, if you define 2 backups, then with the primary, that makes 3. If you have only two partition groups only two will be created.
  • {@code}PER_MEMBER Partition Groups}: This is the default partition scheme and is used if no other scheme is defined. Each Member is in a group of its own.
  • {@code}HOST_AWARE Partition Groups}: In this scheme, a group corresponds to a host, based on its IP address. Partitions will not be written to any other members on the same host. This scheme provides good redundancy when multiple instances are being run on the same host.
  • {@code}CUSTOM Partition Groups}: In this scheme, IP addresses, or IP address ranges, are allocated to groups. Partitions are not written to the same group. This is very useful for ensuring partitions are written to different racks or even availability zones.
  • {@code}ZONE_AWARE Partition Groups}: In this scheme, groups are allocated according to the metadata provided by Discovery SPI Partitions are not written to the same group. This is very useful for ensuring partitions are written to availability zones or different racks without providing the IP addresses to the config ahead.
  • {@code}SPI Partition Groups}: In this scheme, groups are allocated according to the implementation provided by Discovery SPI.
Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.replicatedA Replicated Map is a distributed key-value data structure where the data is replicated to all members in the cluster.
false

A Replicated Map is a distributed key-value data structure where the data is replicated to all members in the cluster. It provides full replication of entries to all members for high speed access. A Replicated Map does not partition data (it does not spread data to different cluster members); instead, it replicates the data to all members. Replication leads to higher memory consumption. However, a Replicated Map has faster read and write access since the data is available on all members. Writes could take place on local/remote members in order to provide write-order, eventually being replicated to all other members.

If you have a large cluster or very high occurrences of updates, the Replicated Map may not scale linearly as expected since it has to replicate update operations to all members in the cluster. Since the replication of updates is performed in an asynchronous manner, Hazelcast recommends you enable back pressure in case your system has high occurrences of updates.

Note that Replicated Map does not guarantee eventual consistency because there are some edge cases that fail to provide consistency.

Replicated Map uses the internal partition system of Hazelcast in order to serialize updates happening on the same key at the same time. This happens by sending updates of the same key to the same Hazelcast member in the cluster.

Due to the asynchronous nature of replication, a Hazelcast member could die before successfully replicating a "write" operation to other members after sending the "write completed" response to its caller during the write process. In this scenario, Hazelcast’s internal partition system promotes one of the replicas of the partition as the primary one. The new primary partition does not have the latest "write" since the dead member could not successfully replicate the update.

Type
Boolean
Default
false
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.timeoutConnection timeout in seconds for the TCP/IP config and members joining the cluster.
5

Connection timeout in seconds for the TCP/IP config and members joining the cluster.

Type
Integer
Default
5
Defined by
HazelcastCoreClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.clusterECS cluster short name or ARN; default is the current cluster.
no default

ECS cluster short name or ARN; default is the current cluster.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.connection-timeout-secondsThe maximum amount of time Hazelcast will try to connect to a well known member before giving up.
5

The maximum amount of time Hazelcast will try to connect to a well known member before giving up. Setting this value too low could mean that a member is not able to connect to a cluster. Setting the value too high means that member startup could slow down because of longer timeouts (for example, when a well known member is not up). Increasing this value is recommended if you have many IPs listed and the members cannot properly build up the cluster. Its default value is 5.

Type
Integer
Default
5
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.familyFilter to look only for ECS tasks with the given family name; mutually exclusive with #getServiceName() .
no default

Filter to look only for ECS tasks with the given family name; mutually exclusive with #getServiceName().

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.host-headerHost header. i.e.
no default

Host header. i.e. ec2.amazonaws.com. The URL that is the entry point for a web service.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.iam-roleIf you do not want to use access key and secret key, you can specify iam-role.
no default

If you do not want to use access key and secret key, you can specify iam-role. Hazelcast fetches your credentials by using your IAM role. This setting only affects deployments on Amazon EC2. If you are deploying CAS in an Amazon ECS environment, the role should not be specified. The role is fetched from the task definition that is assigned to run CAS.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.portHazelcast port.
-1

Hazelcast port. Typically may be set to 5701. You can set searching for other ports rather than 5701 if you've members on different ports.

Type
Integer
Default
-1
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.regionAWS region. i.e.
us-east-1

AWS region. i.e. us-east-1. The region where your members are running.

Type
String
Default
us-east-1
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.security-group-nameIf a security group is configured, only instances within that security group are selected.
no default

If a security group is configured, only instances within that security group are selected.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.service-nameFilter to look only for ECS tasks from the given service; mutually exclusive with #getFamily() .
no default

Filter to look only for ECS tasks from the given service; mutually exclusive with #getFamily().

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.tag-keyIf a tag key/value is set, only instances with that tag key/value will be selected.
no default

If a tag key/value is set, only instances with that tag key/value will be selected.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.tag-valueIf a tag key/value is set, only instances with that tag key/value will be selected.
no default

If a tag key/value is set, only instances with that tag key/value will be selected.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastAwsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.enabledWhether discovery should be enabled via the configured strategies below.
false

Whether discovery should be enabled via the configured strategies below.

Type
Boolean
Default
false
Defined by
HazelcastDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.hz-portA range of ports where the plugin looks for Hazelcast members.
5701-5708

A range of ports where the plugin looks for Hazelcast members.

Type
String
Default
5701-5708
Defined by
HazelcastGoogleCloudPlatformDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.labelA filter to look only for instances labeled as specified; property format: key=value .
no default

A filter to look only for instances labeled as specified; property format: key=value.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastGoogleCloudPlatformDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.private-key-pathA filesystem path to the private key for GCP service account in the JSON format; if not set, the access token is fetched from the GCP VM instance.
no default

A filesystem path to the private key for GCP service account in the JSON format; if not set, the access token is fetched from the GCP VM instance.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastGoogleCloudPlatformDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.projectsA list of projects where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, the current project is used.
no default

A list of projects where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, the current project is used.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastGoogleCloudPlatformDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.regionA region where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, the #getZones() property is used; if it and #getZones() property not set, all zones of the current region are used.
no default

A region where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, the #getZones() property is used; if it and #getZones() property not set, all zones of the current region are used.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastGoogleCloudPlatformDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.zonesA list of zones where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, all zones of the current region are used.
no default

A list of zones where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, all zones of the current region are used.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastGoogleCloudPlatformDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.credential-pathUsed for cloud providers which require an extra JSON or P12 key file.
no default

Used for cloud providers which require an extra JSON or P12 key file. This denotes the path of that file. Only tested with Google Compute Engine. (Required if Google Compute Engine is used.)

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.endpointDefines the endpoint for a generic API such as OpenStack or CloudStack (optional).
no default

Defines the endpoint for a generic API such as OpenStack or CloudStack (optional).

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.groupFilters instance groups (optional).
no default

Filters instance groups (optional). When used with AWS it maps to security group.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.portPort which the hazelcast instance service uses on the cluster member.
-1

Port which the hazelcast instance service uses on the cluster member. Default value is 5701. (optional)

Type
Integer
Default
-1
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.regionsDefines region for a cloud service (optional).
no default

Defines region for a cloud service (optional). Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.role-nameUsed for IAM role support specific to AWS (optional, but if defined, no identity or credential should be defined in the configuration).
no default

Used for IAM role support specific to AWS (optional, but if defined, no identity or credential should be defined in the configuration).

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.tag-keysFilters cloud instances with tags (optional).
no default

Filters cloud instances with tags (optional). Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.tag-valuesFilters cloud instances with tags (optional) Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.
no default

Filters cloud instances with tags (optional) Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.zonesDefines zone for a cloud service (optional).
no default

Defines zone for a cloud service (optional). Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastJCloudsDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.api-retriesDefines the number of retries to Kubernetes API.
3

Defines the number of retries to Kubernetes API. Defaults to: 3.

Type
Integer
Default
3
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.api-tokenDefines an oauth token for the kubernetes client to access the kubernetes REST API.
no default

Defines an oauth token for the kubernetes client to access the kubernetes REST API. Defaults to reading the token from the auto-injected file at: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.ca-certificateCA Authority certificate from Kubernetes Master.
no default

CA Authority certificate from Kubernetes Master. Defaults to reading the certificate from the auto-injected file at: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.kubernetes-masterDefines an alternative address for the kubernetes master.
no default

Defines an alternative address for the kubernetes master. Defaults to: https://kubernetes.default.svc

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.namespaceDefines the namespace of the application POD through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
no default

Defines the namespace of the application POD through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.pod-label-nameDefines the pod label to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
no default

Defines the pod label to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.pod-label-valueDefines the pod label value to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
no default

Defines the pod label value to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.resolve-not-ready-addressesDefines if not ready addresses should be evaluated to be discovered on startup.
false

Defines if not ready addresses should be evaluated to be discovered on startup.

Type
Boolean
Default
false
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-dnsDefines the DNS service lookup domain.
no default

Defines the DNS service lookup domain. This is defined as something similar to my-svc.my-namespace.svc.cluster.local.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-dns-timeoutDefines the DNS service lookup timeout in seconds.
-1

Defines the DNS service lookup timeout in seconds. Defaults to 5 secs.

Type
Integer
Default
-1
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-label-nameDefines the service label to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
no default

Defines the service label to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-label-valueDefines the service label value to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
no default

Defines the service label value to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-nameDefines the service name of the POD to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
no default

Defines the service name of the POD to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-portIf specified with a value greater than 0, its value defines the endpoint port of the service (overriding the default).
0

If specified with a value greater than 0, its value defines the endpoint port of the service (overriding the default).

Type
Integer
Default
0
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.use-node-name-as-external-addressDefines if the node name should be used as external address, instead of looking up the external IP using the /nodes resource.
false

Defines if the node name should be used as external address, instead of looking up the external IP using the /nodes resource. Default is false.

Type
Boolean
Default
false
Defined by
HazelcastKubernetesDiscoveryProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.enabledEnables a multicast configuration using a group address and port.
false

Enables a multicast configuration using a group address and port. Contains the configuration for the multicast discovery mechanism. With the multicast discovery mechanism Hazelcast allows Hazelcast members to find each other using multicast. So Hazelcast members do not need to know concrete addresses of members, they just multicast to everyone listening. It depends on your environment if multicast is possible or allowed; otherwise you need to have a look at the tcp/ip cluster

Type
Boolean
Default
false
Defined by
HazelcastClusterMulticastProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.groupThe multicast group address used for discovery.
no default

The multicast group address used for discovery. With the multicast auto-discovery mechanism, Hazelcast allows cluster members to find each other using multicast communication. The cluster members do not need to know the concrete addresses of the other members, as they just multicast to all the other members for listening. Whether multicast is possible or allowed depends on your environment.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastClusterMulticastProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.portThe multicast port used for discovery.
0

The multicast port used for discovery.

Type
Integer
Default
0
Defined by
HazelcastClusterMulticastProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.time-to-liveGets the time to live for the multicast package in seconds.
32

Gets the time to live for the multicast package in seconds. This is the default time-to-live for multicast packets sent out on the socket

Type
Integer
Default
32
Defined by
HazelcastClusterMulticastProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.timeoutspecifies the time in seconds that a member should wait for a valid multicast response from another member running in the network before declaring itself the leader member (the first member joined to the cluster) and...
2

specifies the time in seconds that a member should wait for a valid multicast response from another member running in the network before declaring itself the leader member (the first member joined to the cluster) and creating its own cluster. This only applies to the startup of members where no leader has been assigned yet. If you specify a high value, such as 60 seconds, it means that until a leader is selected, each member will wait 60 seconds before moving on. Be careful when providing a high value. Also, be careful not to set the value too low, or the members might give up too early and create their own cluster.

Type
Integer
Default
2
Defined by
HazelcastClusterMulticastProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.trusted-interfacesMulticast trusted interfaces for discovery.
no default

Multicast trusted interfaces for discovery. With the multicast auto-discovery mechanism, Hazelcast allows cluster members to find each other using multicast communication. The cluster members do not need to know the concrete addresses of the other members, as they just multicast to all the other members for listening. Whether multicast is possible or allowed depends on your environment.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastClusterMulticastProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ipv4-enabledIPv6 support has been switched off by default, since some platforms have issues in use of IPv6 stack.
true

IPv6 support has been switched off by default, since some platforms have issues in use of IPv6 stack. And some other platforms such as Amazon AWS have no support at all. To enable IPv6 support set this setting to false.

Type
Boolean
Default
true
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.local-addressIf this property is set, then this is the address where the server socket is bound to.
no default

If this property is set, then this is the address where the server socket is bound to.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.network-interfacesYou can specify which network interfaces that Hazelcast should use.
no default

You can specify which network interfaces that Hazelcast should use. Servers mostly have more than one network interface, so you may want to list the valid IPs. Range characters ('*' and '-') can be used for simplicity. For instance, 10.3.10.* refers to IPs between 10.3.10.0 and 10.3.10.255. Interface 10.3.10.4-18 refers to IPs between 10.3.10.4 and 10.3.10.18 (4 and 18 included). If network interface configuration is enabled (it is disabled by default) and if Hazelcast cannot find an matching interface, then it will print a message on the console and will not start on that node.

Interfaces can be separated by a comma.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.outbound-portsThe outbound ports for the Hazelcast configuration.
no default

The outbound ports for the Hazelcast configuration.

Type
List<String>
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.port-auto-incrementYou may also want to choose to use only one port.
true

You may also want to choose to use only one port. In that case, you can disable the auto-increment feature of port.

Type
Boolean
Default
true
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.public-addressThe default public address to be advertised to other cluster members and clients.
no default

The default public address to be advertised to other cluster members and clients.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.cipher-suitesComma-separated list of cipher suite names allowed to be used.
no default

Comma-separated list of cipher suite names allowed to be used. Its default value are all supported suites in your Java runtime.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.key-manager-algorithmName of the algorithm based on which the authentication keys are provided.
no default

Name of the algorithm based on which the authentication keys are provided.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.key-store-typeType of the keystore.
JKS

Type of the keystore. Its default value is JKS. Another commonly used type is the PKCS12. Available keystore/truststore types depend on your Operating system and the Java runtime. Only needed when the mutual authentication is used.

Type
String
Default
JKS
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.keystorePath of your keystore file.
no default

Path of your keystore file. Only needed when the mutual authentication is used.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.keystore-passwordPassword to access the key from your keystore file.
no default

Password to access the key from your keystore file. Only needed when the mutual authentication is used.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.mutual-authenticationMutual authentication configuration.
no default
Mutual authentication configuration. It’s empty by default which means the client side of connection is not authenticated. Available values are:
  • REQUIRED - server forces usage of a trusted client certificate
  • OPTIONAL - server asks for a client certificate, but it doesn't require it
Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.protocolName of the algorithm which is used in your TLS/SSL.
TLS

Name of the algorithm which is used in your TLS/SSL. For the protocol property, we recommend you to provide TLS with its version information, e.g., TLSv1.2. Note that if you write only TLS, your application chooses the TLS version according to your Java version.

Type
String
Default
TLS
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.trust-manager-algorithmName of the algorithm based on which the trust managers are provided.
no default

Name of the algorithm based on which the trust managers are provided.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.trust-storePath of your truststore file.
no default

Path of your truststore file. The file truststore is a keystore file that contains a collection of certificates trusted by your application.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.trust-store-passwordPassword to unlock the truststore file.
no default

Password to unlock the truststore file.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.trust-store-typeType of the truststore.
JKS

Type of the truststore. Its default value is JKS. Another commonly used type is the PKCS12. Available keystore/truststore types depend on your Operating system and the Java runtime.

Type
String
Default
JKS
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.validate-identityFlag which allows enabling endpoint identity validation.
false

Flag which allows enabling endpoint identity validation. It means, during the TLS handshake client verifies if the server’s hostname (or IP address) matches the information in X.509 certificate (Subject Alternative Name extension).

Type
Boolean
Default
false
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkSslProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.tcpip-enabledEnable TCP/IP config.
true

Enable TCP/IP config. Contains the configuration for the Tcp/Ip join mechanism. The Tcp/Ip join mechanism relies on one or more well known members. So when a new member wants to join a cluster, it will try to connect to one of the well known members. If it is able to connect, it will now about all members in the cluster and doesn't rely on these well known members anymore.

Type
Boolean
Default
true
Defined by
HazelcastNetworkClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.enabledWhether WAN should be enabled.
false

Whether WAN should be enabled.

Type
Boolean
Default
false
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.replication-nameName of this replication group.
apereo-cas

Name of this replication group.

Type
String
Default
apereo-cas
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targetsList of target clusters to be used for synchronization and replication.
no default

List of target clusters to be used for synchronization and replication.

Type
List<HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties>
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].acknowledge-typeAccepted acknowledgement-type values are listed below.
ACK_ON_OPERATION_COMPLETE
Accepted acknowledgement-type values are listed below.
  • ACK_ON_RECEIPT: ACK after WAN operation is received by the target cluster (without waiting the result of actual operation invocation).
  • ACK_ON_OPERATION_COMPLETE: Wait till the operation is complete on target cluster.
Type
String
Default
ACK_ON_OPERATION_COMPLETE
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].batch-maximum-delay-millisecondsMaximum amount of time, in milliseconds, to be waited before sending a batch of events in case batch.size is not reached.
1000

Maximum amount of time, in milliseconds, to be waited before sending a batch of events in case batch.size is not reached.

Type
int
Default
1000
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].batch-sizeMaximum size of events that are sent to the target cluster in a single batch.
500

Maximum size of events that are sent to the target cluster in a single batch.

Type
int
Default
500
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].cluster-nameSets the cluster name used as an endpoint group password for authentication on the target endpoint.
no default

Sets the cluster name used as an endpoint group password for authentication on the target endpoint. If there is no separate publisher ID property defined, this cluster name will also be used as a WAN publisher ID. This ID is then used for identifying the publisher.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].consistency-check-strategyStrategy for checking the consistency of data between replicas.
NONE

Strategy for checking the consistency of data between replicas.

Type
String
Default
NONE
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].endpointsComma separated list of endpoints in this replication group.
no default

Comma separated list of endpoints in this replication group. IP addresses and ports of the cluster members for which the WAN replication is implemented. These endpoints are not necessarily the entire target cluster and WAN does not perform the discovery of other members in the target cluster. It only expects that these IP addresses (or at least some of them) are available.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].executor-thread-countThe number of threads that the replication executor will have.
2

The number of threads that the replication executor will have. The executor is used to send WAN events to the endpoints and ideally you want to have one thread per endpoint. If this property is omitted and you have specified the endpoints property, this will be the case. If necessary you can manually define the number of threads that the executor will use. Once the executor has been initialized there is thread affinity between the discovered endpoints and the executor threads - all events for a single endpoint will go through a single executor thread, preserving event order. It is important to determine which number of executor threads is a good value. Failure to do so can lead to performance issues - either contention on a too small number of threads or wasted threads that will not be performing any work.

Type
int
Default
2
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].propertiesThe WAN publisher properties.
no default

The WAN publisher properties.

Type
Map<String, Comparable>
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].publisher-class-namePublisher class name for WAN replication.
com.hazelcast.enterprise.wan.replication.WanBatchReplication

Publisher class name for WAN replication.

Type
String
Default
com.hazelcast.enterprise.wan.replication.WanBatchReplication
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].publisher-idReturns the publisher ID used for identifying the publisher.
no default

Returns the publisher ID used for identifying the publisher.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].queue-capacityFor huge clusters or high data mutation rates, you might need to increase the replication queue size.
10000

For huge clusters or high data mutation rates, you might need to increase the replication queue size. The default queue size for replication queues is 10,000. This means, if you have heavy put/update/remove rates, you might exceed the queue size so that the oldest, not yet replicated, updates might get lost.

Type
int
Default
10000
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].queue-full-behaviorAccepted queue-full behavior values are listed below.
THROW_EXCEPTION
Accepted queue-full behavior values are listed below.
  • THROW_EXCEPTION: Instruct WAN replication implementation to throw an exception and doesn't allow further processing.
  • DISCARD_AFTER_MUTATION: Instruct WAN replication implementation to drop new events when WAN event queues are full.
  • THROW_EXCEPTION_ONLY_IF_REPLICATION_ACTIVE: Similar to THROW_EXCEPTION but only throws exception when WAN replication is active. * Discards the new events if WAN replication is stopped.
Type
String
Default
THROW_EXCEPTION
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].response-timeout-millisecondsTime, in milliseconds, to be waited for the acknowledgment of a sent WAN event to target cluster.
60000

Time, in milliseconds, to be waited for the acknowledgment of a sent WAN event to target cluster.

Type
int
Default
60000
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].snapshot-enabledWhen set to true, only the latest events (based on key) are selected and sent in a batch.
no default

When set to true, only the latest events (based on key) are selected and sent in a batch.

Type
boolean
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastWANReplicationTargetClusterProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.core.enable-compressionEnables compression when default java serialization is used.
false

Enables compression when default java serialization is used.

Type
Boolean
Default
false
Defined by
HazelcastCoreProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.core.enable-jetEnable Jet configuration/service on the hazelcast instance.
true

Enable Jet configuration/service on the hazelcast instance. Hazelcast Jet is a distributed batch and stream processing system that can do stateful computations over massive amounts of data with consistent low latency. Jet service is required when executing SQL queries with the SQL service.

Type
Boolean
Default
true
Defined by
HazelcastCoreProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.core.enable-management-center-scriptingEnables scripting from Management Center.
true

Enables scripting from Management Center.

Type
Boolean
Default
true
Defined by
HazelcastCoreProperties
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.core.license-keyHazelcast enterprise license key.
no default

Hazelcast enterprise license key.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
HazelcastCoreProperties
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.cron-expressionA cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include triggers on the second, minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week.
no default

A cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include triggers on the second, minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. For example, 0 * * * * MON-FRI means once per minute on weekdays (at the top of the minute - the 0th second) or 0 0 0 * * * means every day at midnight. * Note that when cron expressions are defined, the start delay and repeat interval settings are must be removed and set to blank.

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
SchedulingProperties
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.cron-time-zoneA time zone for which the cron expression will be resolved.
no default

A time zone for which the cron expression will be resolved. By default, this attribute is empty (i.e. the scheduler's time zone will be used).

Type
String
Default
none
Defined by
SchedulingProperties
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.enabledWhether scheduler should be enabled to schedule the job to run.
true

Whether scheduler should be enabled to schedule the job to run.

Type
Boolean
Default
true
Defined by
SchedulingProperties
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.enabled-on-hostOverrides SchedulingProperties#enabled property value of true if this property does not match hostname of CAS server.
.*
Regex

Overrides SchedulingProperties#enabled property value of true if this property does not match hostname of CAS server. This can be useful if deploying CAS with an image in a statefulset where all names are predictable but where having different configurations for different servers is hard. The value can be an exact hostname or a regular expression that will be used to match the hostname.

Type
String
Default
.*
Defined by
SchedulingProperties
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.repeat-intervalString representation of a repeat interval of re-loading data for a data store implementation.
PT2M
Duration

String representation of a repeat interval of re-loading data for a data store implementation. This is the timeout between consecutive job’s executions.

Type
String
Default
PT2M
Defined by
SchedulingProperties
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.start-delayString representation of a start delay of loading data for a data store implementation.
PT15S
Duration

String representation of a start delay of loading data for a data store implementation. This is the delay between scheduler startup and first job’s execution

Type
String
Default
PT15S
Defined by
SchedulingProperties

Required settings may be needed to activate or affect the feature; review them even when they have a default. Optional settings only need to be set to change a default or to turn on the behavior they control. Third party settings belong to libraries such as Spring Boot that CAS builds on; their own documentation may have more detail.

Groovy scripting

CAS takes advantage of Apache Groovy in forms of either embedded or external scripts that allow one to, by default, dynamically build constructs, attributes, access strategies and a lot more. To activate the functionality described here, you may need to prepare CAS to support and integrate with Apache Groovy.

Please review this guide to configure your build.

Notes on configuration

Configuration Metadata

The collection of configuration properties listed in this section are automatically generated from the CAS source and components that contain the actual field definitions, types, descriptions, modules, etc. This metadata may not always be 100% accurate, or could be lacking details and sufficient explanations.

Be Selective

This section is meant as a guide only. Do NOT copy/paste the entire collection of settings into your CAS configuration; rather pick only the properties that you need. Do NOT enable settings unless you are certain of their purpose and do NOT copy settings into your configuration only to keep them as reference. All these ideas lead to upgrade headaches, maintenance nightmares and premature aging.

YAGNI

Note that for nearly ALL use cases, declaring and configuring properties listed here is sufficient. You should NOT have to explicitly massage a CAS XML/Java/etc configuration file to design an authentication handler, create attribute release policies, etc. CAS at runtime will auto-configure all required changes for you. If you are unsure about the meaning of a given CAS setting, do NOT turn it on without hesitation. Review the codebase or better yet, ask questions to clarify the intended behavior.

Naming Convention

Property names can be specified in very relaxed terms. For instance cas.someProperty, cas.some-property, cas.some_property are all valid names. While all forms are accepted by CAS, there are certain components (in CAS and other frameworks used) whose activation at runtime is conditional on a property value, where this property is required to have been specified in CAS configuration using kebab case. This is both true for properties that are owned by CAS as well as those that might be presented to the system via an external library or framework such as Spring Boot, etc.

:information_source: Note

When possible, properties should be stored in lower-case kebab format, such as cas.property-name=value. The only possible exception to this rule is when naming actuator endpoints; The name of the actuator endpoints (i.e. ssoSessions) MUST remain in camelCase mode.

Settings and properties that are controlled by the CAS platform directly always begin with the prefix cas. All other settings are controlled and provided to CAS via other underlying frameworks and may have their own schemas and syntax. BE CAREFUL with the distinction. Unrecognized properties are rejected by CAS and/or frameworks upon which CAS depends. This means if you somehow misspell a property definition or fail to adhere to the dot-notation syntax and such, your setting is entirely refused by CAS and likely the feature it controls will never be activated in the way you intend.

Validation

Configuration properties are automatically validated on CAS startup to report issues with configuration binding, especially if defined CAS settings cannot be recognized or validated by the configuration schema. Additional validation processes are also handled via Configuration Metadata and property migrations applied automatically on startup by Spring Boot and family.

Indexed Settings

CAS settings able to accept multiple values are typically documented with an index, such as cas.some.setting[0]=value. The index [0] is meant to be incremented by the adopter to allow for distinct multiple configuration blocks.

Actuator Endpoints

The following endpoints are provided by CAS:

throttles
CAS endpoint2 operationsNot exposed by default
1

Turn the endpoint on and expose it over the web. One entry covers every operation. By default only info, health and status are exposed.

1
2
management.endpoint.throttles.access=UNRESTRICTED
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=throttles

Endpoints may be mapped to other paths. For example, to serve health at healthcheck:

1
management.endpoints.web.path-mapping.health=healthcheck

Throttling Strategies

The following throttling strategies are offered by CAS.

Storage Description
IP Address Uses a memory map to prevent successive failed login attempts from the same IP address.
IP Address and Username Uses a memory map to prevent successive failed login attempts for a username from the same IP address.
JDBC See this guide.
MongoDb See this guide.
Redis See this guide.
Hazelcast See this guide.

High Availability

All of the throttling components are suitable for a CAS deployment that satisfies the recommended HA architecture. In particular deployments with multiple CAS nodes behind a load balancer configured with session affinity can use either in-memory or inspektr components. It is instructive to discuss the rationale. Since load balancer session affinity is determined by source IP address, which is the same criterion by which throttle policy is applied, an attacker from a fixed location should be bound to the same CAS server node for successive authentication attempts. A distributed attack, on the other hand, where successive request would be routed indeterminately, would cause haphazard tracking for in-memory CAS components since attempts would be split across N systems. However, since the source varies, accurate accounting would be pointless since the throttling components themselves assume a constant source IP for tracking purposes. The login throttling components are not sufficient for detecting or preventing a distributed password brute force attack.