Throttling Authentication Attempts - Failure
CAS provides a facility for limiting failed login attempts to support password guessing and related abuse scenarios. A couple strategies are provided for tracking failed attempts:
- Source IP - Limit successive failed logins against any username from the same IP address.
- Source IP and username - Limit successive failed logins against a particular user from the same IP address.
All login throttling components that ship with CAS limit successive failed login attempts that exceed a threshold rate, which is a time in seconds between two failures. The following properties are provided to define the failure rate.
-
threshold- Number of failed login attempts. -
rangeSeconds- Period of time in seconds.
A request counts as a failed attempt when its response has the status 401, which is how CAS endpoints
answer a failed authentication; endpoints that must answer with another status, such as SAML2 ECP with a SOAP fault,
mark the request as a failed attempt explicitly. Other responses, such as malformed requests (400),
authorization denials (403), missing resources (404) or server errors (500), are not counted.
A failure rate of more than 1 per 3 seconds is indicative of an automated authentication attempt, which is a reasonable basis for throttling policy. Regardless of policy care should be taken to weigh security against access; overly restrictive policies may prevent legitimate authentication attempts.
The failure threshold rate is calculated as: threshold / rangeSeconds. For instance,
the failure rate for the above scenario would be 0.333333. An authentication attempt may be considered throttled
if the request submission rate (calculated as the difference between the current date and the last submission date) exceeds
the failure threshold rate.
Enable the following module in your configuration overlay:
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.apereo.cas</groupId>
<artifactId>cas-server-support-throttle</artifactId>
<version>${cas.version}</version>
</dependency>
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implementation "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-throttle:${project.'cas.version'}"
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dependencyManagement {
imports {
mavenBom "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-bom:${project.'cas.version'}"
}
}
dependencies {
implementation "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-throttle"
}
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dependencies {
/*
The following platform references are included automatically and are listed for reference only.
implementation enforcedPlatform("org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-bom:${project.'cas.version'}")
implementation platform(org.springframework.boot.gradle.plugin.SpringBootPlugin.BOM_COORDINATES)
*/
implementation "org.apereo.cas:cas-server-support-throttle"
}
Configuration
The following settings and properties are available from the CAS configuration catalog:
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.instance-nameThe instance name.
The instance name.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.access-keyAWS access key.
AWS access key.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.secret-keyAWS secret key.
AWS secret key.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.client-idThe Azure Active Directory Service Principal client ID.
The Azure Active Directory Service Principal client ID.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.client-secretThe Azure Active Directory Service Principal client secret.
The Azure Active Directory Service Principal client secret.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.cluster-idThe name of the tag on the hazelcast vm resources.
The name of the tag on the hazelcast vm resources. With every Hazelcast Virtual Machine you deploy in your resource group, you need to ensure that each VM is tagged with the value of cluster-id defined in your Hazelcast configuration. The only requirement is that every VM can access each other either by private or public IP address.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.group-nameThe Azure resource group name of the cluster.
The Azure resource group name of the cluster. You can find this in the Azure portal or CLI.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.subscription-idThe Azure subscription ID.
The Azure subscription ID.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.azure.tenant-idThe Azure Active Directory tenant ID.
The Azure Active Directory tenant ID.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.credentialCloud Provider credential, can be thought of as a password for cloud services.
Cloud Provider credential, can be thought of as a password for cloud services.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.identityCloud Provider identity, can be thought of as a user name for cloud services.
Cloud Provider identity, can be thought of as a user name for cloud services.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.providerString value that is used to identify ComputeService provider.
String value that is used to identify ComputeService provider. For example, "google-compute-engine" is used for Google Cloud services. See here for more info.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.zookeeper.groupName of this Hazelcast cluster.
Name of this Hazelcast cluster. You can have multiple distinct clusters to use the same ZooKeeper installation
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.zookeeper.pathPath in zookeeper to be used for auto-discovery of members where members are tracked.
/discovery/hazelcastPath in zookeeper to be used for auto-discovery of members where members are tracked.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.zookeeper.urlZookeeper url address typically in the format of ip-address:port .
Zookeeper url address typically in the format of ip-address:port.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.membersSets the well known members.
Sets the well known members. If members is empty, calling this method will have the same effect as calling clear(). A member can be a comma separated string, e..g 10.11.12.1,10.11.12.2 which indicates multiple members are going to be added. The list of members must include ALL CAS server node, including the current node that owns this configuration.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.portYou can specify the ports which Hazelcast will use to communicate between cluster members.
5701You can specify the ports which Hazelcast will use to communicate between cluster members. The name of the parameter for this is port and its default value is 5701. By default, Hazelcast will try 100 ports to bind. Meaning that, if you set the value of port as 5701, as members are joining to the cluster, Hazelcast tries to find ports between 5701 and 5801.
cas.authn.throttle.core.app-codeApplication code used to identify this application in the audit logs.
CASApplication code used to identify this application in the audit logs.
cas.authn.throttle.core.header-nameRequest header name to use in order to extract a header value from the request.
Request header name to use in order to extract a header value from the request.
cas.authn.throttle.core.username-parameterUsername parameter to use in order to extract the username from the request.
Username parameter to use in order to extract the username from the request.
cas.authn.throttle.failure.codeFailure code to record in the audit log.
AUTHENTICATION_FAILEDFailure code to record in the audit log. Generally this indicates an authentication failure event.
cas.authn.throttle.failure.range-secondsPeriod of time in seconds for the threshold rate.
-1Period of time in seconds for the threshold rate.
cas.authn.throttle.failure.thresholdNumber of failed login attempts for the threshold rate.
-1Number of failed login attempts for the threshold rate.
cas.authn.throttle.failure.throttle-window-secondsIndicate the number of seconds the account should remain in a locked/throttled state before it can be released to continue again.
0Indicate the number of seconds the account should remain in a locked/throttled state before it can be released to continue again. If no value is specified, the failure threshold and rate that is calculated would hold.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.async-backup-countHazelcast supports both synchronous and asynchronous backups.
0Hazelcast supports both synchronous and asynchronous backups. By default, backup operations are synchronous. In this case, backup operations block operations until backups are successfully copied to backup members (or deleted from backup members in case of remove) and acknowledgements are received. Therefore, backups are updated before a put operation is completed, provided that the cluster is stable. Asynchronous backups, on the other hand, do not block operations. They are fire and forget and do not require acknowledgements; the backup operations are performed at some point in time.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.async-fillupUsed when replication is turned on with #isReplicated() .
trueUsed when replication is turned on with #isReplicated().
- First, you can configure async fill up to true, which does not block reads while the fill up operation is underway. That way, you have immediate access on the new member, but it will take time until all the values are eventually accessible. Not yet replicated values are returned as non-existing (null).
- Second, you can configure for a synchronous initial fill up (by configuring the async fill up to false), which blocks every read or write access to the map until the fill up operation is finished. Use this with caution since it might block your application from operating.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.backup-countTo provide data safety, Hazelcast allows you to specify the number of backup copies you want to have.
1To provide data safety, Hazelcast allows you to specify the number of backup copies you want to have. That way, data on a cluster member will be copied onto other member(s). To create synchronous backups, select the number of backup copies. When this count is 1, a map entry will have its backup on one other member in the cluster. If you set it to 2, then a map entry will have its backup on two other members. You can set it to 0 if you do not want your entries to be backed up, e.g., if performance is more important than backing up. The maximum value for the backup count is 6. Sync backup operations have a blocking cost which may lead to latency issues.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.cp-member-countCP Subsystem is a component of a Hazelcast cluster that builds a strongly consistent layer for a set of distributed data structures.
0CP Subsystem is a component of a Hazelcast cluster that builds a strongly consistent layer for a set of distributed data structures. Its data structures are CP with respect to the CAP principle, i.e., they always maintain linearizability and prefer consistency over availability during network partitions. Besides network partitions, CP Subsystem withstands server and client failures. All members of a Hazelcast cluster do not necessarily take part in CP Subsystem. The number of Hazelcast members that take part in CP Subsystem is specified here. CP Subsystem must have at least 3 CP members.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.eviction-policyHazelcast supports policy-based eviction for distributed maps.
LRUHazelcast supports policy-based eviction for distributed maps. Currently supported policies are LRU (Least Recently Used) and LFU (Least Frequently Used) and NONE.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.logging-typeHazelcast has a flexible logging configuration and doesn't depend on any logging framework except JDK logging.
slf4j-
jdk: JDK logging -
log4j: Log4j -
slf4j: Slf4j -
none: Disable logging
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.map-merge-policyDefine how data items in Hazelcast maps are merged together from source to destination.
PUT_IF_ABSENT-
PUT_IF_ABSENT: Merges data structure entries from source to destination if they don't exist in the destination data structure. -
HIGHER_HITS: * Merges data structure entries from source to destination data structure if the source entry has more hits than the destination one. -
DISCARD: Merges only entries from the destination data structure and discards all entries from the source data structure. -
PASS_THROUGH: Merges data structure entries from source to destination directly unless the merging entry is null -
EXPIRATION_TIME: Merges data structure entries from source to destination data structure if the source entry will expire later than the destination entry. This policy can only be used if the clocks of the nodes are in sync. -
LATEST_UPDATE: Merges data structure entries from source to destination data structure if the source entry was updated more frequently than the destination entry. This policy can only be used if the clocks of the nodes are in sync. -
LATEST_ACCESS: Merges data structure entries from source to destination data structure if the source entry has been accessed more recently than the destination entry. This policy can only be used if the clocks of the nodes are in sync.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.max-no-heartbeat-secondsMax timeout of heartbeat in seconds for a node to assume it is dead.
300Max timeout of heartbeat in seconds for a node to assume it is dead.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.max-sizeSets the maximum size of the map.
85Sets the maximum size of the map.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.max-size-policyControl the max size policy.
USED_HEAP_PERCENTAGE-
FREE_HEAP_PERCENTAGE: Policy based on minimum free JVM heap memory percentage per JVM. -
FREE_HEAP_SIZE: Policy based on minimum free JVM heap memory in megabytes per JVM. -
FREE_NATIVE_MEMORY_PERCENTAGE: Policy based on minimum free native memory percentage per Hazelcast instance. -
FREE_NATIVE_MEMORY_SIZE: Policy based on minimum free native memory in megabytes per Hazelcast instance. -
PER_NODE: Policy based on maximum number of entries stored per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance. -
PER_PARTITION: Policy based on maximum number of entries stored per data structure (map, cache etc) on each partition. -
USED_HEAP_PERCENTAGE: Policy based on maximum used JVM heap memory percentage per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance . -
USED_HEAP_SIZE: Policy based on maximum used JVM heap memory in megabytes per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance. -
USED_NATIVE_MEMORY_PERCENTAGE: Policy based on maximum used native memory percentage per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance. -
USED_NATIVE_MEMORY_SIZE: Policy based on maximum used native memory in megabytes per data structure (map, cache etc) on each Hazelcast instance .
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.partition-member-group-typeWith PartitionGroupConfig , you can control how primary and backup partitions are mapped to physical Members.
PartitionGroupConfig, you can control how primary and backup partitions are mapped to physical Members. Hazelcast will always place partitions on different partition groups so as to provide redundancy. Accepted value are: PER_MEMBER, HOST_AWARE, CUSTOM, ZONE_AWARE, SPI. In all cases a partition will never be created on the same group. If there are more partitions defined than there are partition groups, then only those partitions, up to the number of partition groups, will be created. For example, if you define 2 backups, then with the primary, that makes 3. If you have only two partition groups only two will be created. - {@code}PER_MEMBER Partition Groups}: This is the default partition scheme and is used if no other scheme is defined. Each Member is in a group of its own.
- {@code}HOST_AWARE Partition Groups}: In this scheme, a group corresponds to a host, based on its IP address. Partitions will not be written to any other members on the same host. This scheme provides good redundancy when multiple instances are being run on the same host.
- {@code}CUSTOM Partition Groups}: In this scheme, IP addresses, or IP address ranges, are allocated to groups. Partitions are not written to the same group. This is very useful for ensuring partitions are written to different racks or even availability zones.
- {@code}ZONE_AWARE Partition Groups}: In this scheme, groups are allocated according to the metadata provided by Discovery SPI Partitions are not written to the same group. This is very useful for ensuring partitions are written to availability zones or different racks without providing the IP addresses to the config ahead.
- {@code}SPI Partition Groups}: In this scheme, groups are allocated according to the implementation provided by Discovery SPI.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.replicatedA Replicated Map is a distributed key-value data structure where the data is replicated to all members in the cluster.
falseA Replicated Map is a distributed key-value data structure where the data is replicated to all members in the cluster. It provides full replication of entries to all members for high speed access. A Replicated Map does not partition data (it does not spread data to different cluster members); instead, it replicates the data to all members. Replication leads to higher memory consumption. However, a Replicated Map has faster read and write access since the data is available on all members. Writes could take place on local/remote members in order to provide write-order, eventually being replicated to all other members.
If you have a large cluster or very high occurrences of updates, the Replicated Map may not scale linearly as expected since it has to replicate update operations to all members in the cluster. Since the replication of updates is performed in an asynchronous manner, Hazelcast recommends you enable back pressure in case your system has high occurrences of updates.
Note that Replicated Map does not guarantee eventual consistency because there are some edge cases that fail to provide consistency.
Replicated Map uses the internal partition system of Hazelcast in order to serialize updates happening on the same key at the same time. This happens by sending updates of the same key to the same Hazelcast member in the cluster.
Due to the asynchronous nature of replication, a Hazelcast member could die before successfully replicating a "write" operation to other members after sending the "write completed" response to its caller during the write process. In this scenario, Hazelcast’s internal partition system promotes one of the replicas of the partition as the primary one. The new primary partition does not have the latest "write" since the dead member could not successfully replicate the update.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.core.timeoutConnection timeout in seconds for the TCP/IP config and members joining the cluster.
5Connection timeout in seconds for the TCP/IP config and members joining the cluster.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.clusterECS cluster short name or ARN; default is the current cluster.
ECS cluster short name or ARN; default is the current cluster.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.connection-timeout-secondsThe maximum amount of time Hazelcast will try to connect to a well known member before giving up.
5The maximum amount of time Hazelcast will try to connect to a well known member before giving up. Setting this value too low could mean that a member is not able to connect to a cluster. Setting the value too high means that member startup could slow down because of longer timeouts (for example, when a well known member is not up). Increasing this value is recommended if you have many IPs listed and the members cannot properly build up the cluster. Its default value is 5.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.familyFilter to look only for ECS tasks with the given family name; mutually exclusive with #getServiceName() .
Filter to look only for ECS tasks with the given family name; mutually exclusive with #getServiceName().
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.host-headerHost header. i.e.
Host header. i.e. ec2.amazonaws.com. The URL that is the entry point for a web service.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.iam-roleIf you do not want to use access key and secret key, you can specify iam-role.
If you do not want to use access key and secret key, you can specify iam-role. Hazelcast fetches your credentials by using your IAM role. This setting only affects deployments on Amazon EC2. If you are deploying CAS in an Amazon ECS environment, the role should not be specified. The role is fetched from the task definition that is assigned to run CAS.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.portHazelcast port.
-1Hazelcast port. Typically may be set to 5701. You can set searching for other ports rather than 5701 if you've members on different ports.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.regionAWS region. i.e.
us-east-1AWS region. i.e. us-east-1. The region where your members are running.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.security-group-nameIf a security group is configured, only instances within that security group are selected.
If a security group is configured, only instances within that security group are selected.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.service-nameFilter to look only for ECS tasks from the given service; mutually exclusive with #getFamily() .
Filter to look only for ECS tasks from the given service; mutually exclusive with #getFamily().
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.tag-keyIf a tag key/value is set, only instances with that tag key/value will be selected.
If a tag key/value is set, only instances with that tag key/value will be selected.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.aws.tag-valueIf a tag key/value is set, only instances with that tag key/value will be selected.
If a tag key/value is set, only instances with that tag key/value will be selected.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.enabledWhether discovery should be enabled via the configured strategies below.
falseWhether discovery should be enabled via the configured strategies below.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.hz-portA range of ports where the plugin looks for Hazelcast members.
5701-5708A range of ports where the plugin looks for Hazelcast members.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.labelA filter to look only for instances labeled as specified; property format: key=value .
A filter to look only for instances labeled as specified; property format: key=value.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.private-key-pathA filesystem path to the private key for GCP service account in the JSON format; if not set, the access token is fetched from the GCP VM instance.
A filesystem path to the private key for GCP service account in the JSON format; if not set, the access token is fetched from the GCP VM instance.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.projectsA list of projects where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, the current project is used.
A list of projects where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, the current project is used.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.regionA region where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, the #getZones() property is used; if it and #getZones() property not set, all zones of the current region are used.
A region where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, the #getZones() property is used; if it and #getZones() property not set, all zones of the current region are used.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.gcp.zonesA list of zones where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, all zones of the current region are used.
A list of zones where the plugin looks for instances; if not set, all zones of the current region are used.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.credential-pathUsed for cloud providers which require an extra JSON or P12 key file.
Used for cloud providers which require an extra JSON or P12 key file. This denotes the path of that file. Only tested with Google Compute Engine. (Required if Google Compute Engine is used.)
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.endpointDefines the endpoint for a generic API such as OpenStack or CloudStack (optional).
Defines the endpoint for a generic API such as OpenStack or CloudStack (optional).
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.groupFilters instance groups (optional).
Filters instance groups (optional). When used with AWS it maps to security group.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.portPort which the hazelcast instance service uses on the cluster member.
-1Port which the hazelcast instance service uses on the cluster member. Default value is 5701. (optional)
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.regionsDefines region for a cloud service (optional).
Defines region for a cloud service (optional). Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.role-nameUsed for IAM role support specific to AWS (optional, but if defined, no identity or credential should be defined in the configuration).
Used for IAM role support specific to AWS (optional, but if defined, no identity or credential should be defined in the configuration).
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.tag-keysFilters cloud instances with tags (optional).
Filters cloud instances with tags (optional). Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.tag-valuesFilters cloud instances with tags (optional) Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.
Filters cloud instances with tags (optional) Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.jclouds.zonesDefines zone for a cloud service (optional).
Defines zone for a cloud service (optional). Can be used with comma separated values for multiple values.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.api-retriesDefines the number of retries to Kubernetes API.
3Defines the number of retries to Kubernetes API. Defaults to: 3.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.api-tokenDefines an oauth token for the kubernetes client to access the kubernetes REST API.
Defines an oauth token for the kubernetes client to access the kubernetes REST API. Defaults to reading the token from the auto-injected file at: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.ca-certificateCA Authority certificate from Kubernetes Master.
CA Authority certificate from Kubernetes Master. Defaults to reading the certificate from the auto-injected file at: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.kubernetes-masterDefines an alternative address for the kubernetes master.
Defines an alternative address for the kubernetes master. Defaults to: https://kubernetes.default.svc
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.namespaceDefines the namespace of the application POD through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
Defines the namespace of the application POD through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.pod-label-nameDefines the pod label to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
Defines the pod label to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.pod-label-valueDefines the pod label value to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
Defines the pod label value to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.resolve-not-ready-addressesDefines if not ready addresses should be evaluated to be discovered on startup.
falseDefines if not ready addresses should be evaluated to be discovered on startup.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-dnsDefines the DNS service lookup domain.
Defines the DNS service lookup domain. This is defined as something similar to my-svc.my-namespace.svc.cluster.local.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-dns-timeoutDefines the DNS service lookup timeout in seconds.
-1Defines the DNS service lookup timeout in seconds. Defaults to 5 secs.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-label-nameDefines the service label to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
Defines the service label to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-label-valueDefines the service label value to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
Defines the service label value to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-nameDefines the service name of the POD to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
Defines the service name of the POD to lookup through the Service Discovery REST API of Kubernetes.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.service-portIf specified with a value greater than 0, its value defines the endpoint port of the service (overriding the default).
0If specified with a value greater than 0, its value defines the endpoint port of the service (overriding the default).
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.kubernetes.use-node-name-as-external-addressDefines if the node name should be used as external address, instead of looking up the external IP using the /nodes resource.
falseDefines if the node name should be used as external address, instead of looking up the external IP using the /nodes resource. Default is false.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.enabledEnables a multicast configuration using a group address and port.
falseEnables a multicast configuration using a group address and port. Contains the configuration for the multicast discovery mechanism. With the multicast discovery mechanism Hazelcast allows Hazelcast members to find each other using multicast. So Hazelcast members do not need to know concrete addresses of members, they just multicast to everyone listening. It depends on your environment if multicast is possible or allowed; otherwise you need to have a look at the tcp/ip cluster
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.groupThe multicast group address used for discovery.
The multicast group address used for discovery. With the multicast auto-discovery mechanism, Hazelcast allows cluster members to find each other using multicast communication. The cluster members do not need to know the concrete addresses of the other members, as they just multicast to all the other members for listening. Whether multicast is possible or allowed depends on your environment.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.portThe multicast port used for discovery.
0The multicast port used for discovery.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.time-to-liveGets the time to live for the multicast package in seconds.
32Gets the time to live for the multicast package in seconds. This is the default time-to-live for multicast packets sent out on the socket
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.timeoutspecifies the time in seconds that a member should wait for a valid multicast response from another member running in the network before declaring itself the leader member (the first member joined to the cluster) and...
2specifies the time in seconds that a member should wait for a valid multicast response from another member running in the network before declaring itself the leader member (the first member joined to the cluster) and creating its own cluster. This only applies to the startup of members where no leader has been assigned yet. If you specify a high value, such as 60 seconds, it means that until a leader is selected, each member will wait 60 seconds before moving on. Be careful when providing a high value. Also, be careful not to set the value too low, or the members might give up too early and create their own cluster.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.discovery.multicast.trusted-interfacesMulticast trusted interfaces for discovery.
Multicast trusted interfaces for discovery. With the multicast auto-discovery mechanism, Hazelcast allows cluster members to find each other using multicast communication. The cluster members do not need to know the concrete addresses of the other members, as they just multicast to all the other members for listening. Whether multicast is possible or allowed depends on your environment.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ipv4-enabledIPv6 support has been switched off by default, since some platforms have issues in use of IPv6 stack.
trueIPv6 support has been switched off by default, since some platforms have issues in use of IPv6 stack. And some other platforms such as Amazon AWS have no support at all. To enable IPv6 support set this setting to false.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.local-addressIf this property is set, then this is the address where the server socket is bound to.
If this property is set, then this is the address where the server socket is bound to.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.network-interfacesYou can specify which network interfaces that Hazelcast should use.
You can specify which network interfaces that Hazelcast should use. Servers mostly have more than one network interface, so you may want to list the valid IPs. Range characters ('*' and '-') can be used for simplicity. For instance, 10.3.10.* refers to IPs between 10.3.10.0 and 10.3.10.255. Interface 10.3.10.4-18 refers to IPs between 10.3.10.4 and 10.3.10.18 (4 and 18 included). If network interface configuration is enabled (it is disabled by default) and if Hazelcast cannot find an matching interface, then it will print a message on the console and will not start on that node.
Interfaces can be separated by a comma.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.outbound-portsThe outbound ports for the Hazelcast configuration.
The outbound ports for the Hazelcast configuration.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.port-auto-incrementYou may also want to choose to use only one port.
trueYou may also want to choose to use only one port. In that case, you can disable the auto-increment feature of port.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.public-addressThe default public address to be advertised to other cluster members and clients.
The default public address to be advertised to other cluster members and clients.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.cipher-suitesComma-separated list of cipher suite names allowed to be used.
Comma-separated list of cipher suite names allowed to be used. Its default value are all supported suites in your Java runtime.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.key-manager-algorithmName of the algorithm based on which the authentication keys are provided.
Name of the algorithm based on which the authentication keys are provided.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.key-store-typeType of the keystore.
JKSType of the keystore. Its default value is JKS. Another commonly used type is the PKCS12. Available keystore/truststore types depend on your Operating system and the Java runtime. Only needed when the mutual authentication is used.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.keystorePath of your keystore file.
Path of your keystore file. Only needed when the mutual authentication is used.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.keystore-passwordPassword to access the key from your keystore file.
Password to access the key from your keystore file. Only needed when the mutual authentication is used.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.mutual-authenticationMutual authentication configuration.
-
REQUIRED- server forces usage of a trusted client certificate -
OPTIONAL- server asks for a client certificate, but it doesn't require it
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.protocolName of the algorithm which is used in your TLS/SSL.
TLSName of the algorithm which is used in your TLS/SSL. For the protocol property, we recommend you to provide TLS with its version information, e.g., TLSv1.2. Note that if you write only TLS, your application chooses the TLS version according to your Java version.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.trust-manager-algorithmName of the algorithm based on which the trust managers are provided.
Name of the algorithm based on which the trust managers are provided.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.trust-storePath of your truststore file.
Path of your truststore file. The file truststore is a keystore file that contains a collection of certificates trusted by your application.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.trust-store-passwordPassword to unlock the truststore file.
Password to unlock the truststore file.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.trust-store-typeType of the truststore.
JKSType of the truststore. Its default value is JKS. Another commonly used type is the PKCS12. Available keystore/truststore types depend on your Operating system and the Java runtime.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.ssl.validate-identityFlag which allows enabling endpoint identity validation.
falseFlag which allows enabling endpoint identity validation. It means, during the TLS handshake client verifies if the server’s hostname (or IP address) matches the information in X.509 certificate (Subject Alternative Name extension).
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.network.tcpip-enabledEnable TCP/IP config.
trueEnable TCP/IP config. Contains the configuration for the Tcp/Ip join mechanism. The Tcp/Ip join mechanism relies on one or more well known members. So when a new member wants to join a cluster, it will try to connect to one of the well known members. If it is able to connect, it will now about all members in the cluster and doesn't rely on these well known members anymore.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.enabledWhether WAN should be enabled.
falseWhether WAN should be enabled.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.replication-nameName of this replication group.
apereo-casName of this replication group.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targetsList of target clusters to be used for synchronization and replication.
List of target clusters to be used for synchronization and replication.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].acknowledge-typeAccepted acknowledgement-type values are listed below.
ACK_ON_OPERATION_COMPLETE-
ACK_ON_RECEIPT: ACK after WAN operation is received by the target cluster (without waiting the result of actual operation invocation). -
ACK_ON_OPERATION_COMPLETE: Wait till the operation is complete on target cluster.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].batch-maximum-delay-millisecondsMaximum amount of time, in milliseconds, to be waited before sending a batch of events in case batch.size is not reached.
1000Maximum amount of time, in milliseconds, to be waited before sending a batch of events in case batch.size is not reached.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].batch-sizeMaximum size of events that are sent to the target cluster in a single batch.
500Maximum size of events that are sent to the target cluster in a single batch.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].cluster-nameSets the cluster name used as an endpoint group password for authentication on the target endpoint.
Sets the cluster name used as an endpoint group password for authentication on the target endpoint. If there is no separate publisher ID property defined, this cluster name will also be used as a WAN publisher ID. This ID is then used for identifying the publisher.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].consistency-check-strategyStrategy for checking the consistency of data between replicas.
NONEStrategy for checking the consistency of data between replicas.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].endpointsComma separated list of endpoints in this replication group.
Comma separated list of endpoints in this replication group. IP addresses and ports of the cluster members for which the WAN replication is implemented. These endpoints are not necessarily the entire target cluster and WAN does not perform the discovery of other members in the target cluster. It only expects that these IP addresses (or at least some of them) are available.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].executor-thread-countThe number of threads that the replication executor will have.
2The number of threads that the replication executor will have. The executor is used to send WAN events to the endpoints and ideally you want to have one thread per endpoint. If this property is omitted and you have specified the endpoints property, this will be the case. If necessary you can manually define the number of threads that the executor will use. Once the executor has been initialized there is thread affinity between the discovered endpoints and the executor threads - all events for a single endpoint will go through a single executor thread, preserving event order. It is important to determine which number of executor threads is a good value. Failure to do so can lead to performance issues - either contention on a too small number of threads or wasted threads that will not be performing any work.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].propertiesThe WAN publisher properties.
The WAN publisher properties.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].publisher-class-namePublisher class name for WAN replication.
com.hazelcast.enterprise.wan.replication.WanBatchReplicationPublisher class name for WAN replication.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].publisher-idReturns the publisher ID used for identifying the publisher.
Returns the publisher ID used for identifying the publisher.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].queue-capacityFor huge clusters or high data mutation rates, you might need to increase the replication queue size.
10000For huge clusters or high data mutation rates, you might need to increase the replication queue size. The default queue size for replication queues is 10,000. This means, if you have heavy put/update/remove rates, you might exceed the queue size so that the oldest, not yet replicated, updates might get lost.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].queue-full-behaviorAccepted queue-full behavior values are listed below.
THROW_EXCEPTION-
THROW_EXCEPTION: Instruct WAN replication implementation to throw an exception and doesn't allow further processing. -
DISCARD_AFTER_MUTATION: Instruct WAN replication implementation to drop new events when WAN event queues are full. -
THROW_EXCEPTION_ONLY_IF_REPLICATION_ACTIVE: Similar toTHROW_EXCEPTIONbut only throws exception when WAN replication is active. * Discards the new events if WAN replication is stopped.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].response-timeout-millisecondsTime, in milliseconds, to be waited for the acknowledgment of a sent WAN event to target cluster.
60000Time, in milliseconds, to be waited for the acknowledgment of a sent WAN event to target cluster.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.cluster.wan-replication.targets[0].snapshot-enabledWhen set to true, only the latest events (based on key) are selected and sent in a batch.
When set to true, only the latest events (based on key) are selected and sent in a batch.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.core.enable-compressionEnables compression when default java serialization is used.
falseEnables compression when default java serialization is used.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.core.enable-jetEnable Jet configuration/service on the hazelcast instance.
trueEnable Jet configuration/service on the hazelcast instance. Hazelcast Jet is a distributed batch and stream processing system that can do stateful computations over massive amounts of data with consistent low latency. Jet service is required when executing SQL queries with the SQL service.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.core.enable-management-center-scriptingEnables scripting from Management Center.
trueEnables scripting from Management Center.
cas.authn.throttle.hazelcast.core.license-keyHazelcast enterprise license key.
Hazelcast enterprise license key.
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.cron-expressionA cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include triggers on the second, minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week.
A cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include triggers on the second, minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. For example, 0 * * * * MON-FRI means once per minute on weekdays (at the top of the minute - the 0th second) or 0 0 0 * * * means every day at midnight. * Note that when cron expressions are defined, the start delay and repeat interval settings are must be removed and set to blank.
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.cron-time-zoneA time zone for which the cron expression will be resolved.
A time zone for which the cron expression will be resolved. By default, this attribute is empty (i.e. the scheduler's time zone will be used).
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.enabledWhether scheduler should be enabled to schedule the job to run.
trueWhether scheduler should be enabled to schedule the job to run.
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.enabled-on-hostOverrides SchedulingProperties#enabled property value of true if this property does not match hostname of CAS server.
.*Overrides SchedulingProperties#enabled property value of true if this property does not match hostname of CAS server. This can be useful if deploying CAS with an image in a statefulset where all names are predictable but where having different configurations for different servers is hard. The value can be an exact hostname or a regular expression that will be used to match the hostname.
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.repeat-intervalString representation of a repeat interval of re-loading data for a data store implementation.
PT2MString representation of a repeat interval of re-loading data for a data store implementation. This is the timeout between consecutive job’s executions.
cas.authn.throttle.schedule.start-delayString representation of a start delay of loading data for a data store implementation.
PT15SString representation of a start delay of loading data for a data store implementation. This is the delay between scheduler startup and first job’s execution
Required settings may be needed to activate or affect the feature; review them even when they have a default. Optional settings only need to be set to change a default or to turn on the behavior they control. Third party settings belong to libraries such as Spring Boot that CAS builds on; their own documentation may have more detail.
Groovy scripting
CAS takes advantage of Apache Groovy in forms of either embedded or external scripts that allow one to, by default, dynamically build constructs, attributes, access strategies and a lot more. To activate the functionality described here, you may need to prepare CAS to support and integrate with Apache Groovy.
Please review this guide to configure your build.
Notes on configuration
Configuration Metadata
The collection of configuration properties listed in this section are automatically generated from the CAS source and components that contain the actual field definitions, types, descriptions, modules, etc. This metadata may not always be 100% accurate, or could be lacking details and sufficient explanations.
Be Selective
This section is meant as a guide only. Do NOT copy/paste the entire collection of settings into your CAS configuration; rather pick only the properties that you need. Do NOT enable settings unless you are certain of their purpose and do NOT copy settings into your configuration only to keep them as reference. All these ideas lead to upgrade headaches, maintenance nightmares and premature aging.
YAGNI
Note that for nearly ALL use cases, declaring and configuring properties listed here is sufficient. You should NOT have to explicitly massage a CAS XML/Java/etc configuration file to design an authentication handler, create attribute release policies, etc. CAS at runtime will auto-configure all required changes for you. If you are unsure about the meaning of a given CAS setting, do NOT turn it on without hesitation. Review the codebase or better yet, ask questions to clarify the intended behavior.
Naming Convention
Property names can be specified in very relaxed terms. For instance cas.someProperty, cas.some-property, cas.some_property are all valid names. While all
forms are accepted by CAS, there are certain components (in CAS and other frameworks used) whose activation at runtime is conditional on a property value, where
this property is required to have been specified in CAS configuration using kebab case. This is both true for properties that are owned by CAS as well as those
that might be presented to the system via an external library or framework such as Spring Boot, etc.
When possible, properties should be stored in lower-case kebab format, such as cas.property-name=value.
The only possible exception to this rule is when naming actuator endpoints; The name of the
actuator endpoints (i.e. ssoSessions) MUST remain in camelCase mode.
Settings and properties that are controlled by the CAS platform directly always begin with the prefix cas. All other settings are controlled and provided
to CAS via other underlying frameworks and may have their own schemas and syntax. BE CAREFUL with
the distinction. Unrecognized properties are rejected by CAS and/or frameworks upon which CAS depends. This means if you somehow misspell a property definition
or fail to adhere to the dot-notation syntax and such, your setting is entirely refused by CAS and likely the feature it controls will never be activated in the
way you intend.
Validation
Configuration properties are automatically validated on CAS startup to report issues with configuration binding, especially if defined CAS settings cannot be recognized or validated by the configuration schema. Additional validation processes are also handled via Configuration Metadata and property migrations applied automatically on startup by Spring Boot and family.
Indexed Settings
CAS settings able to accept multiple values are typically documented with an index, such as cas.some.setting[0]=value. The index [0] is meant to be
incremented by the adopter to allow for distinct multiple configuration blocks.
Actuator Endpoints
The following endpoints are provided by CAS:
throttles
| Name | In | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
clear |
query | – | Whether to clear/remove the records or simply release them |
key |
query | – | Selected key for removal |
- Returns
- nothing
- Produces
application/json- Java method
deleteByKeyOrRelease(boolean,String)- Defined in
ThrottledSubmissionHandlerEndpoint
Turn the endpoint on and expose it over the web.
One entry covers every operation. By default only info, health and status are exposed.
1
2
management.endpoint.throttles.access=UNRESTRICTED
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=throttles
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2
3
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management:
endpoint:
throttles:
access: "UNRESTRICTED"
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "throttles"
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MANAGEMENT_ENDPOINT_THROTTLES_ACCESS=UNRESTRICTED
MANAGEMENT_ENDPOINTS_WEB_EXPOSURE_INCLUDE=throttles
Endpoints may be mapped to other paths. For example, to serve health at healthcheck:
1
management.endpoints.web.path-mapping.health=healthcheck
Once exposed, every call goes through Spring Security,
and CAS decides access per endpoint. Without a rule, the special defaults endpoint applies, which denies access.
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cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.access=AUTHENTICATED
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cas:
monitor:
endpoints:
endpoint:
throttles:
access: "AUTHENTICATED"
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CAS_MONITOR_ENDPOINTS_ENDPOINT_THROTTLES_ACCESS=AUTHENTICATED
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cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.access=ROLE
cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.required-roles=ADMIN
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cas:
monitor:
endpoints:
endpoint:
throttles:
access: "ROLE"
required-roles: "ADMIN"
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CAS_MONITOR_ENDPOINTS_ENDPOINT_THROTTLES_ACCESS=ROLE
CAS_MONITOR_ENDPOINTS_ENDPOINT_THROTTLES_REQUIREDROLES=ADMIN
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cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.access=IP_ADDRESS
cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.required-ip-addresses=127.0.0.1
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cas:
monitor:
endpoints:
endpoint:
throttles:
access: "IP_ADDRESS"
required-ip-addresses: "127.0.0.1"
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2
CAS_MONITOR_ENDPOINTS_ENDPOINT_THROTTLES_ACCESS=IP_ADDRESS
CAS_MONITOR_ENDPOINTS_ENDPOINT_THROTTLES_REQUIREDIPADDRESSES=127.0.0.1
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cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.access=PERMIT
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cas:
monitor:
endpoints:
endpoint:
throttles:
access: "PERMIT"
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CAS_MONITOR_ENDPOINTS_ENDPOINT_THROTTLES_ACCESS=PERMIT
A single user defined in CAS settings. If the name and password are left undefined, CAS generates them at startup.
spring.security.user.nameDefault user name.
userDefault user name.
spring.security.user.passwordPassword for the default user name.
Password for the default user name.
spring.security.user.rolesGranted roles for the default user name.
Granted roles for the default user name.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jaas.login-configJAAS login resource file.
JAAS login resource file.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jaas.login-context-nameThe login context name should coincide with a given index in the login config specified.
The login context name should coincide with a given index in the login config specified. This name is used as the index to the configuration specified in the login config property.
JAASTest { org.springframework.security.authentication.jaas.TestLoginModule required; }; In the above example, JAASTest should be set as the context name.cas.monitor.endpoints.jaas.refresh-configuration-on-startupIf set, a call to Configuration#refresh() will be made by #configureJaas(Resource) method.
trueIf set, a call to Configuration#refresh() will be made by #configureJaas(Resource) method.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.base-dnBase DN to use.
Base DN to use. There may be scenarios where different parts of a single LDAP tree could be considered as base-dns. Rather than duplicating the LDAP configuration block for each individual base-dn, each entry can be specified and joined together using a special delimiter character. The user DN is retrieved using the combination of all base-dn and DN resolvers in the order defined. DN resolution should fail if multiple DNs are found. Otherwise the first DN found is returned. Usual syntax is: subtreeA,dc=example,dc=net|subtreeC,dc=example,dc=net.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.bind-credentialThe bind credential to use when connecting to LDAP.
The bind credential to use when connecting to LDAP.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.bind-dnThe bind DN to use when connecting to LDAP.
-
bindDn/bindCredentialprovided - Use the provided credentials to bind when initializing connections. -
bindDn/bindCredentialset to*- Use a fast-bind strategy to initialize the pool. -
bindDn/bindCredentialset to blank - Skip connection initializing; perform operations anonymously. - SASL mechanism provided - Use the given SASL mechanism to bind when initializing connections.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-urlThe LDAP url to the server.
The LDAP url to the server. More than one may be specified, separated by space and/or comma.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-filterUser filter to use for searching.
User filter to use for searching. Syntax is cn={user} or cn={0}.
You may also provide an external groovy script in the syntax of file:/path/to/GroovyScript.groovy to fully build the final filter template dynamically.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.typeThe authentication type.
AUTHENTICATED-
AD- Users authenticate withsAMAccountName. -
AUTHENTICATED- Manager bind/search type of authentication. If {@code} principalAttributePassword} is empty then a user simple bind is done to validate credentials. Otherwise the given attribute is compared with the givenprincipalAttributePasswordusing theSHAencrypted value of it. -
ANONYMOUS: Similar semantics asAUTHENTICATEDexcept nobindDnandbindCredentialmay be specified to initialize the connection. IfprincipalAttributePasswordis empty then a user simple bind is done to validate credentials. Otherwise the given attribute is compared with the givenprincipalAttributePasswordusing theSHAencrypted value of it. - DIRECT: Direct Bind - Compute user DN from format string and perform simple bind. This is relevant when no search is required to compute the DN needed for a bind operation. Use cases for this type are: 1) All users are under a single branch in the directory,
e.g. ou=Users,dc=example,dc=org.2) The username provided on the CAS login form is part of the DN, e.g.uid=%s,ou=Users,dc=example,dc=org.
-
AD: Active Directory. -
AUTHENTICATED: Authenticated Search. -
DIRECT: Direct Bind. -
ANONYMOUS: Anonymous Search.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.allow-multiple-dnsWhether search/query results are allowed to match on multiple DNs, or whether a single unique DN is expected for the result.
falseWhether search/query results are allowed to match on multiple DNs, or whether a single unique DN is expected for the result.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.allow-multiple-entriesSet if multiple Entries are allowed.
falseSet if multiple Entries are allowed.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.binary-attributesIndicate the collection of attributes that are to be tagged and processed as binary attributes by the underlying search resolver.
Indicate the collection of attributes that are to be tagged and processed as binary attributes by the underlying search resolver.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.block-wait-timeThe length of time the pool will block.
PT3SThe length of time the pool will block. By default the pool will block indefinitely and there is no guarantee that waiting threads will be serviced in the order in which they made their request. This option should be used with a blocking connection pool when you need to control the exact number of connections that can be created
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.connect-timeoutSets the maximum amount of time that connects will block.
PT5SSets the maximum amount of time that connects will block.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.connection-strategyIf multiple URLs are provided as the ldapURL this describes how each URL will be processed.
-
ACTIVE_PASSIVEFirst LDAP will be used for every request unless it fails and then the next shall be used. -
ROUND_ROBINFor each new connection the next url in the list will be used. -
RANDOMFor each new connection a random LDAP url will be selected. -
DNS_SRVLDAP urls based on DNS SRV records of the configured/given LDAP url will be used.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.deref-aliasesDefine how aliases are de-referenced.
NEVER-
SEARCHING: dereference when searching the entries beneath the starting point but not when searching for the starting entry. -
FINDING: dereference when searching for the starting entry but not when searching the entries beneath the starting point. -
ALWAYS: dereference when searching for the starting entry and when searching the entries beneath the starting point.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.disable-poolingWhether to use a pooled connection factory in components.
falseWhether to use a pooled connection factory in components.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.dn-formatSpecify the dn format accepted by the AD authenticator, etc.
Specify the dn format accepted by the AD authenticator, etc. Example format might be uid=%s,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.enhance-with-entry-resolverWhether specific search entry resolvers need to be set on the authenticator, or the default should be used.
trueWhether specific search entry resolvers need to be set on the authenticator, or the default should be used.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.fail-fastAttempt to populate the connection pool early on startup and fail quickly if something goes wrong.
trueAttempt to populate the connection pool early on startup and fail quickly if something goes wrong.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.follow-referralsSet if search referrals should be followed.
trueSet if search referrals should be followed.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.hostname-verifierHostname verification options.
DEFAULT-
DEFAULT: Default option, forcing verification. -
ANY: Skip hostname verification and allow all.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.idle-timeRemoves connections from the pool based on how long they have been idle in the available queue.
PT10MRemoves connections from the pool based on how long they have been idle in the available queue. Prunes connections that have been idle for more than the indicated amount.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.keystorePath to the keystore used for SSL connections.
Path to the keystore used for SSL connections. Typically contains SSL certificates for the LDAP server.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.keystore-passwordKeystore password.
Keystore password.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.keystore-typeThe type of keystore.
The type of keystore. PKCS12 or JKS. If left blank, defaults to the default keystore type indicated by the underlying Java platform.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.allow-multiple-resultsIndicate whether the LDAP search query is allowed to return multiple entries.
falseIndicate whether the LDAP search query is allowed to return multiple entries.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.base-dnBase DN to start the search.
Base DN to start the search.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.group-attributeAttribute expected to be found on the entry resulting from the group search whose value is going to be used to construct roles.
Attribute expected to be found on the entry resulting from the group search whose value is going to be used to construct roles. The final value is always prefixed with #groupPrefix. This is useful in scenarios where you wish to grant access to a resource to all users who a member of a given group.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.group-base-dnBase DN to start the search looking for groups.
Base DN to start the search looking for groups.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.group-filterSearch filter to begin looking for groups.
Search filter to begin looking for groups.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.group-prefixA prefix that is prepended to the group attribute value to construct an authorized role.
A prefix that is prepended to the group attribute value to construct an authorized role.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.role-attributeAttribute expected to be found on the entry whose value is going to be used to construct roles.
uugidAttribute expected to be found on the entry whose value is going to be used to construct roles. The final value is always prefixed with #rolePrefix. This is useful in scenarios where you wish to grant access to a resource to all users who carry a special attribute.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.role-prefixPrefix for the role.
ROLE_Prefix for the role.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.ldap-authz.search-filterLDAP search filter to locate accounts.
LDAP search filter to locate accounts.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.max-pool-sizeMaximum LDAP connection pool size which the pool can use to grow.
10Maximum LDAP connection pool size which the pool can use to grow.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.min-pool-sizeMinimum LDAP connection pool size.
3Minimum LDAP connection pool size. Size the pool should be initialized to and pruned to
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.nameName of the LDAP handler.
Name of the LDAP handler.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.page-sizeRequest that the server return results in batches of a specific size.
0Request that the server return results in batches of a specific size. See RFC 2696. This control is often used to work around server result size limits. A negative/zero value disables paged requests.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.pool-passivatorYou may receive unexpected LDAP failures, when CAS is configured to authenticate using DIRECT or AUTHENTICATED types and LDAP is locked down to not allow anonymous binds/searches.
BINDDIRECT or AUTHENTICATED types and LDAP is locked down to not allow anonymous binds/searches. Every second attempt with a given LDAP connection from the pool would fail if it was on the same connection as a failed login attempt, and the regular connection validator would similarly fail. When a connection is returned back to a pool, it still may contain the principal and credentials from the previous attempt. Before the next bind attempt using that connection, the validator tries to validate the connection again but fails because it’s no longer trying with the configured bind credentials but with whatever user DN was used in the previous step. Given the validation failure, the connection is closed and CAS would deny access by default. Passivators attempt to reconnect to LDAP with the configured bind credentials, effectively resetting the connection to what it should be after each bind request. Furthermore if you are seeing errors in the logs that resemble a 'Operation exception encountered, reopening connection' type of message, this usually is an indication that the connection pool’s validation timeout established and created by CAS is greater than the timeout configured in the LDAP server, or more likely, in the load balancer in front of the LDAP servers. You can adjust the LDAP server session’s timeout for connections, or you can teach CAS to use a validity period that is equal or less than the LDAP server session’s timeout. Accepted values are: -
NONE: No passivation takes place. -
BIND: The default behavior which passivates a connection by performing a bind operation on it. This option requires the availability of bind credentials when establishing connections to LDAP.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.principal-attribute-passwordIf principalAttributePassword is empty then a user simple bind is done to validate credentials otherwise the given attribute is compared with the given principalAttributePassword using the SHA encrypted value of it.
If principalAttributePassword is empty then a user simple bind is done to validate credentials otherwise the given attribute is compared with the given principalAttributePassword using the SHA encrypted value of it.
For the anonymous authentication type, if principalAttributePassword is empty then a user simple bind is done to validate credentials otherwise the given attribute is compared with the given principalAttributePassword using the SHA encrypted value of it.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.prune-periodRemoves connections from the pool based on how long they have been idle in the available queue.
PT2HRemoves connections from the pool based on how long they have been idle in the available queue. Run the pruning process at the indicated interval.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.resolve-from-attributeIf this attribute is set, the value found in the first attribute value will be used in place of the DN.
If this attribute is set, the value found in the first attribute value will be used in place of the DN.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.response-timeoutDuration of time to wait for responses.
PT5SDuration of time to wait for responses.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.sasl-authorization-idSASL authorization id.
SASL authorization id.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.sasl-mechanismThe SASL mechanism.
The SASL mechanism.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.sasl-mutual-authWhether SASL mutual authentication is enabled.
Whether SASL mutual authentication is enabled.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.sasl-quality-of-protectionSASL quality of protected.
SASL quality of protected.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.sasl-realmThe SASL realm.
The SASL realm.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.sasl-security-strengthSASL security strength.
SASL security strength.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlersSearch handlers.
Search handlers.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].case-change.attribute-name-case-changeThe Attribute name case change.
The Attribute name case change.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].case-change.attribute-namesThe Attribute names.
The Attribute names.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].case-change.attribute-value-case-changeThe Attribute value case change.
The Attribute value case change.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].case-change.dn-case-changeThe Dn case change.
The Dn case change.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].dn-attribute.add-if-existsThe Add if exists.
The Add if exists.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].dn-attribute.dn-attribute-nameThe Dn attribute name.
entryDNThe Dn attribute name.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].merge-attribute.attribute-namesThe Attribute names.
The Attribute names.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].merge-attribute.merge-attribute-nameThe Merge attribute name.
The Merge attribute name.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].primary-group-id.base-dnThe Base dn.
The Base dn.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].primary-group-id.group-filterThe Group filter.
(&(objectClass=group)(objectSid={0}))The Group filter.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].recursive.merge-attributesThe Merge attributes.
The Merge attributes.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].recursive.search-attributeThe Search attribute.
The Search attribute.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].search-referral.limitThe default referral limit.
10The default referral limit.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].search-result.limitThe default referral limit.
10The default referral limit.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.search-entry-handlers[0].typeThe type of search entry handler to choose.
-
FOLLOW_SEARCH_REFERRAL: Provides handling of an ldap referral for search operations. -
FOLLOW_SEARCH_RESULT_REFERENCE: Provides handling of an ldap continuation reference for search operations. -
ACTIVE_DIRECTORY: Process the entry results fetched from active directory and check for account status controls for disabled/expired accounts, etc. -
OBJECT_GUID: Object guid search entry handler. Handles theobjectGUIDattribute fetching and conversion. -
OBJECT_SID: Object sid search entry handler. Handles theobjectSidattribute fetching and conversion. -
CASE_CHANGE: Case change search entry handler. Provides the ability to modify the case of search entry DNs, attribute names, and attribute values. -
DN_ATTRIBUTE_ENTRY: DN attribute entry handler. Adds the entry DN as an attribute to the result set. Provides a client side implementation of RFC 5020. -
MERGE: Merge search entry handler. Merges the values of one or more attributes into a single attribute. -
PRIMARY_GROUP: Primary group search handler. Constructs the primary group SID and then searches for that group and puts it's DN in thememberOfattribute of the original search entry. -
RANGE_ENTRY: Range entry search handler. Rewrites attributes returned from Active Directory to include all values by performing additional searches. -
RECURSIVE_ENTRY: Recursive entry search handler. This recursively searches based on a supplied attribute and merges those results into the original entry. -
MERGE_ENTRIES: Merge entries handler. Merges the values of one or more attributes in all entries into a single attribute. The merged attribute may or may not already exist on the entry. If it does exist it's existing values will remain intact.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.subtree-searchWhether subtree searching is allowed.
trueWhether subtree searching is allowed.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.trust-certificatesPath of the trust certificates to use for the SSL connection.
Path of the trust certificates to use for the SSL connection. Ignores keystore-related settings when activated and used.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.trust-managerTrust Manager options.
-
DEFAULT: Enable and force the default JVM trust managers. -
ANY: Trust any client or server.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.trust-storePath to the keystore used to determine which certificates or certificate authorities should be trusted.
Path to the keystore used to determine which certificates or certificate authorities should be trusted. Used when connecting to an LDAP server via LDAPS or startTLS connection. If left blank, the default truststore for the Java runtime is used.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.trust-store-passwordPassword needed to open the truststore.
Password needed to open the truststore.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.trust-store-typeThe type of trust keystore that determines which certificates or certificate authorities are trusted.
The type of trust keystore that determines which certificates or certificate authorities are trusted. Types depend on underlying java platform, typically PKCS12 or JKS. If left blank, defaults to the default keystore type indicated by the underlying Java platform.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.use-start-tlsWhether TLS should be used and enabled when establishing the connection.
falseWhether TLS should be used and enabled when establishing the connection.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validate-on-checkoutWhether connections should be validated when loaned out from the pool.
trueWhether connections should be validated when loaned out from the pool.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validate-periodPeriod at which pool should be validated.
PT5MPeriod at which pool should be validated.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validate-periodicallyWhether connections should be validated periodically when the pool is idle.
trueWhether connections should be validated periodically when the pool is idle.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validate-timeoutPeriod at which validation operations may time out.
PT5SPeriod at which validation operations may time out.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validator.attribute-nameAttribute name to use for the compare validator.
objectClassAttribute name to use for the compare validator.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validator.attribute-valueAttribute values to use for the compare validator.
topAttribute values to use for the compare validator.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validator.base-dnBase DN to use for the search request of the search validator.
Base DN to use for the search request of the search validator.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validator.dnDN to compare to use for the compare validator.
DN to compare to use for the compare validator.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validator.scopeSearch scope to use for the search request of the search validator.
OBJECTSearch scope to use for the search request of the search validator.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validator.search-filterSearch filter to use for the search request of the search validator.
(objectClass=*)Search filter to use for the search request of the search validator.
cas.monitor.endpoints.ldap.validator.typeDetermine the LDAP validator type.
searchDetermine the LDAP validator type.
-
search: Validates a connection is healthy by performing a search operation. Validation is considered successful if the search result size is greater than zero. -
none: No validation takes place. -
compare: Validates a connection is healthy by performing a compare operation.
LDAP & Active Directory
LDAP Scriptable Search Filter
LDAP search filters can point to an external Groovy script to dynamically construct the final filter template.
The script itself may be designed as:
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import org.ldaptive.*
import org.springframework.context.*
def run(Object[] args) {
def (filter,parameters,applicationContext,logger) = args
logger.info("Configuring LDAP filter")
filter.setFilter("uid=something")
}
The following parameters are passed to the script:
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
filter |
FilterTemplate to be updated by the script and used for the LDAP query. |
parameters |
Map of query parameters which may be used to construct the final filter. |
applicationContext |
Reference to the Spring ApplicationContext reference. |
logger |
The object responsible for issuing log messages such as logger.info(...). |
To prepare CAS to support and integrate with Apache Groovy, please review this guide.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.driver-classThe JDBC driver used to connect to the database.
org.hsqldb.jdbcDriverThe JDBC driver used to connect to the database.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.passwordThe database connection password.
The database connection password.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.encoding-algorithmThe encoding algorithm to use such as MD5 .
The encoding algorithm to use such as MD5. Relevant when the type used is DEFAULT or GLIBC_CRYPT. When used with PasswordEncoderTypes#PBKDF2, it should be one of PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1, PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256 or PBKDF2WithHmacSHA512.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.typeDefine the password encoder type to use.
NONEDefine the password encoder type to use. Type may be specified as blank or NONE to disable password encoding. It may also refer to a fully-qualified class name that implements the Spring Security's PasswordEncoder interface if you wish you define your own encoder.
-
NONE: No password encoding (i.e. plain-text) takes place. -
DEFAULT: Use theDefaultPasswordEncoderof CAS. For message-digest algorithms viacharacter-encodingandencoding-algorithm. -
BCRYPT: Use theBCryptPasswordEncoderbased on the strength provided and an optional secret. -
SCRYPT: Use theSCryptPasswordEncoder. -
PBKDF2: Use thePbkdf2PasswordEncoderbased on the strength provided and an optional secret. -
STANDARD: Use theStandardPasswordEncoderbased on the secret provided. -
SSHA: Use theLdapShaPasswordEncodersupports Ldap SHA and SSHA (salted-SHA). The values are base-64 encoded and have the label {SHA} or {SSHA} prepended to the encoded hash. -
GLIBC_CRYPT: Use theGlibcCryptPasswordEncoderbased on theencoding-algorithm, strength provided and an optional secret. -
org.example.MyEncoder: An implementation ofPasswordEncoderof your own choosing. -
file:///path/to/script.groovy: Path to a Groovy script charged with handling password encoding operations.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.urlThe database connection URL.
jdbc:hsqldb:mem:cas-hsql-databaseThe database connection URL.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.userThe database user.
saThe database user.
The database user must have sufficient permissions to be able to handle schema changes and updates, when needed.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.autocommitThe default auto-commit behavior of connections in the pool.
falseThe default auto-commit behavior of connections in the pool. Determined whether queries such as update/insert should be immediately executed without waiting for an underlying transaction.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.batch-sizeA non-zero value enables use of JDBC2 batch updates by Hibernate. e.g. recommended values between 5 and 30.
100A non-zero value enables use of JDBC2 batch updates by Hibernate. e.g. recommended values between 5 and 30.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.connection-timeoutIndicates the maximum number of milliseconds that the service can wait to obtain a connection.
PT30SIndicates the maximum number of milliseconds that the service can wait to obtain a connection.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.data-source-nameAttempts to do a JNDI data source look up for the data source name specified.
Attempts to do a JNDI data source look up for the data source name specified. Will attempt to locate the data source object as is.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.ddl-autoHibernate feature to automatically validate and exports DDL to the schema.
updatevalidate or none may be more desirable for production, but any of the following options can be used: -
validate: Validate the schema, but make no changes to the database. -
update: Update the schema. -
create: Create the schema, destroying previous data. -
create-drop: Drop the schema at the end of the session. -
none: Do nothing.
Note that during a version migration where any schema has changed create-drop will result in the loss of all data as soon as CAS is started. For transient data like tickets this is probably not an issue, but in cases like the audit table important data could be lost. Using `update`, while safe for data, is confirmed to result in invalid database state. validate or none settings are likely the only safe options for production use.
For more info, see this.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.default-catalogQualifies unqualified table names with the given catalog in generated SQL.
Qualifies unqualified table names with the given catalog in generated SQL.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.default-schemaQualify unqualified table names with the given schema/tablespace in generated SQL.
Qualify unqualified table names with the given schema/tablespace in generated SQL.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.dialectThe database dialect is a configuration setting for platform independent software (JPA, Hibernate, etc) which allows such software to translate its generic SQL statements into vendor specific DDL, DML.
org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialectThe database dialect is a configuration setting for platform independent software (JPA, Hibernate, etc) which allows such software to translate its generic SQL statements into vendor specific DDL, DML.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.fail-fast-timeoutSet the pool initialization failure timeout.
1- Any value greater than zero will be treated as a timeout for pool initialization. The calling thread will be blocked from continuing until a successful connection to the database, or until the timeout is reached. If the timeout is reached, then a
PoolInitializationExceptionwill be thrown. - A value of zero will not prevent the pool from starting in the case that a connection cannot be obtained. However, upon start the pool will attempt to obtain a connection and validate that the
connectionTestQueryandconnectionInitSqlare valid. If those validations fail, an exception will be thrown. If a connection cannot be obtained, the validation is skipped and the pool will start and continue to try to obtain connections in the background. This can mean that callers toDataSource#getConnection()may encounter exceptions. - A value less than zero will not bypass any connection attempt and validation during startup, and therefore the pool will start immediately. The pool will continue to try to obtain connections in the background. This can mean that callers to
DataSource#getConnection()may encounter exceptions.
connectionTimeout or validationTimeout; they will be honored before this timeout is applied. The default value is one millisecond.cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.fetch-sizeUsed to specify number of rows to be fetched in a select query.
100Used to specify number of rows to be fetched in a select query.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.generate-statisticsAllow hibernate to generate query statistics.
falseAllow hibernate to generate query statistics.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.health-queryThe SQL query to be executed to test the validity of connections.
The SQL query to be executed to test the validity of connections. This is for "legacy" databases that do not support the JDBC4 Connection.isValid() API.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.idle-timeoutControls the maximum amount of time that a connection is allowed to sit idle in the pool.
PT10MControls the maximum amount of time that a connection is allowed to sit idle in the pool.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.isolate-internal-queriesThis property determines whether data source isolates internal pool queries, such as the connection alive test, in their own transaction.
falseThis property determines whether data source isolates internal pool queries, such as the connection alive test, in their own transaction.
Since these are typically read-only queries, it is rarely necessary to encapsulate them in their own transaction. This property only applies if #autocommit is disabled.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.isolation-level-nameDefines the isolation level for transactions.
ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTEDDefines the isolation level for transactions. @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.leak-thresholdControls the amount of time that a connection can be out of the pool before a message is logged indicating a possible connection leak.
PT6SControls the amount of time that a connection can be out of the pool before a message is logged indicating a possible connection leak.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.character-encodingThe encoding algorithm to use such as 'UTF-8'.
UTF-8The encoding algorithm to use such as 'UTF-8'. Relevant when the type used is DEFAULT.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.hash-lengthWhen used by PasswordEncoderTypes#ARGON2 , it indicates the hash strength/length.
16When used by PasswordEncoderTypes#ARGON2, it indicates the hash strength/length.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.iterationsWhen used by PasswordEncoderTypes#PBKDF2 , it indicates the required number of iterations.
310000When used by PasswordEncoderTypes#PBKDF2, it indicates the required number of iterations.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.secretSecret to use with PasswordEncoderTypes#STANDARD , PasswordEncoderTypes#PBKDF2 , PasswordEncoderTypes#BCRYPT , PasswordEncoderTypes#GLIBC_CRYPT password encoders.
Secret to use with PasswordEncoderTypes#STANDARD, PasswordEncoderTypes#PBKDF2, PasswordEncoderTypes#BCRYPT, PasswordEncoderTypes#GLIBC_CRYPT password encoders. Secret usually is an optional setting.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.password-encoder.strengthStrength or number of iterations to use for password hashing.
16Strength or number of iterations to use for password hashing. Usually relevant when dealing with PasswordEncoderTypes#BCRYPT, PasswordEncoderTypes#PBKDF2 or PasswordEncoderTypes#GLIBC_CRYPT. When used by PasswordEncoderTypes#ARGON2 or PasswordEncoderTypes#PBKDF2, it indicates the salt strength.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.physical-naming-strategy-class-nameFully-qualified name of the class that can control the physical naming strategy of hibernate.
org.apereo.cas.hibernate.CasHibernatePhysicalNamingStrategyFully-qualified name of the class that can control the physical naming strategy of hibernate.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.keep-alive-timeThis property controls the keepalive interval for a connection in the pool.
0This property controls the keepalive interval for a connection in the pool. An in-use connection will never be tested by the keepalive thread, only when it is idle will it be tested. Default is zero, which disables this feature.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.max-sizeControls the maximum number of connections to keep in the pool, including both idle and in-use connections.
18Controls the maximum number of connections to keep in the pool, including both idle and in-use connections.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.max-waitSets the maximum time in seconds that this data source will wait while attempting to connect to a database.
PT2SSets the maximum time in seconds that this data source will wait while attempting to connect to a database.
A value of zero specifies that the timeout is the default system timeout if there is one; otherwise, it specifies that there is no timeout.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.maximum-lifetimeThis property controls the maximum lifetime of a connection in the pool.
PT10MThis property controls the maximum lifetime of a connection in the pool. When a connection reaches this timeout, even if recently used, it will be retired from the pool. An in-use connection will never be retired, only when it is idle will it be removed.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.min-sizeControls the minimum size that the pool is allowed to reach, including both idle and in-use connections.
6Controls the minimum size that the pool is allowed to reach, including both idle and in-use connections.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.nameSet the name of the connection pool.
Set the name of the connection pool. This is primarily used for the MBean to uniquely identify the pool configuration.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.suspensionWhether or not pool suspension is allowed.
falseWhether or not pool suspension is allowed.
There is a performance impact when pool suspension is enabled. Unless you need it (for a redundancy system for example) do not enable it.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.pool.timeout-millisThe maximum number of milliseconds that the pool will wait for a connection to be validated as alive.
1000The maximum number of milliseconds that the pool will wait for a connection to be validated as alive.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.propagation-behavior-nameDefines the propagation behavior for transactions.
PROPAGATION_REQUIREDDefines the propagation behavior for transactions. @see org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.propertiesAdditional settings provided by Hibernate (or the connection provider) in form of key-value pairs.
Additional settings provided by Hibernate (or the connection provider) in form of key-value pairs.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.queryQuery to execute in order to authenticate users via JDBC.
Query to execute in order to authenticate users via JDBC. Example: SELECT username,password,enabled FROM users WHERE username=?
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.read-onlyConfigures the Connections to be added to the pool as read-only Connections.
falseConfigures the Connections to be added to the pool as read-only Connections.
cas.monitor.endpoints.jdbc.role-prefixPrefix to add to the role.
Prefix to add to the role.
Hibernate & JDBC
Control global properties that are relevant to Hibernate, when CAS attempts to employ and utilize database resources, connections and queries.
cas.jdbc.gen-ddlWhether to generate DDL after the EntityManagerFactory has been initialized creating/updating all relevant tables.
trueWhether to generate DDL after the EntityManagerFactory has been initialized creating/updating all relevant tables.
cas.jdbc.physical-table-namesIndicate a physical table name to be used by the hibernate naming strategy in case table names need to be customized for the specific type of database.
Indicate a physical table name to be used by the hibernate naming strategy in case table names need to be customized for the specific type of database. The key here indicates the CAS-provided table name and the value is the translate physical name for the database. If a match is not found for the CAS-provided table name, then that name will be used by default.
cas.jdbc.show-sqlWhether SQL queries should be displayed in the console/logs.
falseWhether SQL queries should be displayed in the console/logs.
Password encoding
If you need to design your own password encoding scheme where the type is specified as a fully qualified Java class name, the structure of the class would be similar to the following:
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package org.example.cas;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.codec.*;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.*;
public class MyEncoder extends AbstractPasswordEncoder {
@Override
protected byte[] encode(CharSequence rawPassword, byte[] salt) {
return ...
}
}
If you need to design your own password encoding scheme where the type is specified as a path to a Groovy script, the structure of the script would be similar to the following:
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import java.util.*
byte[] run(final Object... args) {
def (rawPassword,generatedSalt,logger,applicationContext) = args
logger.debug("Encoding password...")
return ...
}
Boolean matches(final Object... args) {
def (rawPassword,encodedPassword,logger,applicationContext) = args
logger.debug("Does match or not ?");
return ...
To prepare CAS to support and integrate with Apache Groovy, please review this guide.
A static list of users, passwords and roles in a JSON file.
Supported password encodings are {sha512}, {sha256}, {bcrypt},
{noop}, {pbkdf2}, {scrypt} and {argon2}.
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[
{
"username": "casuser",
"password": "{sha512}<hashed-password>",
"authorities": [ "ROLE_ADMIN" ]
}
]
cas.monitor.endpoints.json.locationThe location of the resource.
The location of the resource. Resources can be URLs, or files found either on the classpath or outside somewhere in the file system.
In the event the configured resource is a Groovy script, especially if the script is set to reload on changes, you may need to adjust the total number of inotify instances. On Linux, you may need to add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf: fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 256.
You can check the current value via cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_instances.
In situations and scenarios where CAS is able to automatically watch the underlying resource for changes and detect updates and modifications dynamically, you may be able to specify the following setting as either an environment variable or system property with a value of false to disable the resource watcher: org.apereo.cas.util.io.PathWatcherService.
cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.accessDefine the security access level of the endpoint.
DENY-
PERMIT: Allow open access to the endpoint. -
ANONYMOUS: Allow anonymous access to the endpoint. -
DENY: Block access to the endpoint. -
AUTHENTICATED: Require authenticated access to the endpoint. -
ROLE: Require authenticated access to the endpoint along with a role requirement. -
AUTHORITY: Require authenticated access to the endpoint along with an authority requirement. -
IP_ADDRESS: Require authenticated access to the endpoint using a collection of IP addresses.
cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.required-authoritiesRequired user authorities.
Required user authorities.
cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.required-ip-addressesRequired IP addresses.
Required IP addresses. CIDR ranges are accepted.
cas.monitor.endpoints.endpoint.throttles.required-rolesRequired user roles.
Required user roles.
cas.monitor.endpoints.form-login-enabledControl whether access to endpoints can be controlled via form-based login over the web via a special admin login endpoint.
falseControl whether access to endpoints can be controlled via form-based login over the web via a special admin login endpoint.
management.endpoint.health.accessPermitted level of access for the health endpoint.
unrestrictedPermitted level of access for the health endpoint.
management.endpoint.health.cache.time-to-liveMaximum time that a response can be cached.
0msMaximum time that a response can be cached.
management.endpoint.health.groupHealth endpoint groups.
Health endpoint groups.
management.endpoint.health.logging.slow-indicator-thresholdThreshold after which a warning will be logged for slow health indicators.
10sThreshold after which a warning will be logged for slow health indicators.
management.endpoint.health.probes.add-additional-pathsWhether to make the liveness and readiness health groups available on the main server port.
falseWhether to make the liveness and readiness health groups available on the main server port.
management.endpoint.health.probes.enabledWhether to enable liveness and readiness probes.
trueWhether to enable liveness and readiness probes.
management.endpoint.health.rolesRoles used to determine whether a user is authorized to be shown details.
Roles used to determine whether a user is authorized to be shown details. When empty, all authenticated users are authorized.
management.endpoint.health.show-componentsWhen to show components.
When to show components. If not specified the 'show-details' setting will be used.
management.endpoint.health.show-detailsWhen to show full health details.
neverWhen to show full health details.
management.endpoint.health.status.http-mappingMapping of health statuses to HTTP status codes.
Mapping of health statuses to HTTP status codes. By default, registered health statuses map to sensible defaults (for example, UP maps to 200).
management.endpoint.health.status.orderList of health statuses in order of severity.
["DOWN", "OUT_OF_SERVICE", "UP", "UNKNOWN"]List of health statuses in order of severity.
management.endpoint.health.validate-group-membershipWhether to validate health group membership on startup.
trueWhether to validate health group membership on startup. Validation fails if a group includes or excludes a health contributor that does not exist.
management.endpoints.access.defaultDefault access level for all endpoints.
Default access level for all endpoints.
management.endpoints.access.max-permittedMaximum level of endpoint access that is permitted.
unrestrictedMaximum level of endpoint access that is permitted. Caps an endpoint's individual access level (management.endpoint.<id>.access) and the default access (management.endpoints.access.default).'
management.endpoints.enabled-by-defaultWhether to enable or disable all endpoints by default.
Whether to enable or disable all endpoints by default.
management.endpoints.jackson.isolated-json-mapperWhether to use an isolated JsonMapper to serialize endpoint JSON.
trueWhether to use an isolated JsonMapper to serialize endpoint JSON.
management.endpoints.jackson2.isolated-object-mapperWhether to use an isolated object mapper to serialize endpoint JSON.
trueWhether to use an isolated object mapper to serialize endpoint JSON.
management.endpoints.jmx.domainEndpoints JMX domain name.
org.springframework.bootEndpoints JMX domain name. Fallback to 'spring.jmx.default-domain' if set.
management.endpoints.jmx.exposure.excludeEndpoint IDs that should be excluded or '*' for all.
Endpoint IDs that should be excluded or '*' for all.
management.endpoints.jmx.exposure.includeEndpoint IDs that should be included or '*' for all.
healthEndpoint IDs that should be included or '*' for all.
management.endpoints.jmx.static-namesAdditional static properties to append to all ObjectNames of MBeans representing Endpoints.
Additional static properties to append to all ObjectNames of MBeans representing Endpoints.
management.endpoints.jmx.unique-namesWhether unique runtime object names should be ensured.
Whether unique runtime object names should be ensured.
management.endpoints.migrate-legacy-idsWhether to transparently migrate legacy endpoint IDs.
falseWhether to transparently migrate legacy endpoint IDs.
management.endpoints.web.base-pathBase path for Web endpoints.
/actuatorBase path for Web endpoints. Relative to the servlet context path (server.servlet.context-path) or WebFlux base path (spring.webflux.base-path) when the management server is sharing the main server port. Relative to the management server base path (management.server.base-path) when a separate management server port (management.server.port) is configured.
management.endpoints.web.cors.allow-credentialsWhether credentials are supported.
Whether credentials are supported. When not set, credentials are not supported.
management.endpoints.web.cors.allowed-headersList of headers to allow in a request. '*' allows all headers.
List of headers to allow in a request. '*' allows all headers.
management.endpoints.web.cors.allowed-methodsList of methods to allow. '*' allows all methods.
List of methods to allow. '*' allows all methods. When not set, defaults to GET.
management.endpoints.web.cors.allowed-origin-patternsList of origin patterns to allow.
List of origin patterns to allow. Unlike allowed origins which only supports '*', origin patterns are more flexible (for example 'https://*.example.com') and can be used when credentials are allowed. When no allowed origin patterns or allowed origins are set, CORS support is disabled.
management.endpoints.web.cors.allowed-originsList of origins to allow. '*' allows all origins.
List of origins to allow. '*' allows all origins. When credentials are allowed, '*' cannot be used and origin patterns should be configured instead. When no allowed origins or allowed origin patterns are set, CORS support is disabled.
management.endpoints.web.cors.exposed-headersList of headers to include in a response.
List of headers to include in a response.
management.endpoints.web.cors.max-ageHow long the response from a pre-flight request can be cached by clients.
1800sHow long the response from a pre-flight request can be cached by clients. If a duration suffix is not specified, seconds will be used.
management.endpoints.web.discovery.enabledWhether the discovery page is enabled.
trueWhether the discovery page is enabled.
management.endpoints.web.exposure.excludeEndpoint IDs that should be excluded or '*' for all.
Endpoint IDs that should be excluded or '*' for all.
management.endpoints.web.exposure.includeEndpoint IDs that should be included or '*' for all.
["health"]Endpoint IDs that should be included or '*' for all.
management.endpoints.web.path-mappingMapping between endpoint IDs and the path that should expose them.
Mapping between endpoint IDs and the path that should expose them.
management.health.binders.enabledAllows to enable/disable binder's' health indicators.
trueAllows to enable/disable binder's' health indicators. If you want to disable health indicator completely, then set it to `false`.
management.health.db.enabledWhether to enable database health check.
trueWhether to enable database health check.
management.health.db.ignore-routing-data-sourcesWhether to ignore AbstractRoutingDataSources when creating database health indicators.
falseWhether to ignore AbstractRoutingDataSources when creating database health indicators.
management.health.defaults.enabledWhether to enable default health indicators.
trueWhether to enable default health indicators.
management.health.diskspace.enabledWhether to enable disk space health check.
trueWhether to enable disk space health check.
management.health.diskspace.pathPath used to compute the available disk space.
Path used to compute the available disk space.
management.health.diskspace.thresholdMinimum disk space that should be available.
10MBMinimum disk space that should be available.
management.health.influxdb.enabled
management.health.livenessstate.enabledWhether to enable liveness state health check.
falseWhether to enable liveness state health check.
management.health.mail.enabledWhether to enable Mail health check.
trueWhether to enable Mail health check.
management.health.mongo.enabled
management.health.mongodb.enabledWhether to enable MongoDB health check.
trueWhether to enable MongoDB health check.
management.health.ping.enabledWhether to enable ping health check.
trueWhether to enable ping health check.
management.health.probes.enabledWhether to enable liveness and readiness probes.
falseWhether to enable liveness and readiness probes.
management.health.pubsub.enabledWhether to enable the Pub/Sub health indicator when used with Spring Boot Actuator.
trueWhether to enable the Pub/Sub health indicator when used with Spring Boot Actuator.
management.health.rabbit.enabledWhether to enable RabbitMQ health check.
trueWhether to enable RabbitMQ health check.
management.health.readinessstate.enabledWhether to enable readiness state health check.
falseWhether to enable readiness state health check.
management.health.redis.enabledWhether to enable Redis health check.
trueWhether to enable Redis health check.
management.health.refresh.enabledEnable the health endpoint for the refresh scope.
trueEnable the health endpoint for the refresh scope.
management.health.ssl.certificate-validity-warning-thresholdIf an SSL Certificate will be invalid within the time span defined by this threshold, it should trigger a warning.
14dIf an SSL Certificate will be invalid within the time span defined by this threshold, it should trigger a warning.
management.health.ssl.enabledWhether to enable SSL certificate health check.
trueWhether to enable SSL certificate health check.
management.health.zookeeper.enabledEnable the health endpoint for zookeeper.
trueEnable the health endpoint for zookeeper.
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404: the endpoint is not enabled or not exposed; check the Enable & expose tab. -
401or403: the access rule or the credentials rejected the call; check the Security tab.
For more detail, raise these log levels in the log4j configuration:
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<Logger name="org.apereo.cas.throttle" level="debug" additivity="false">
<AppenderRef ref="console" />
<AppenderRef ref="file" />
</Logger>
<Logger name="org.springframework.security" level="debug" additivity="false">
<AppenderRef ref="console" />
<AppenderRef ref="file" />
</Logger>
Throttling Strategies
The following throttling strategies are offered by CAS.
| Storage | Description |
|---|---|
| IP Address | Uses a memory map to prevent successive failed login attempts from the same IP address. |
| IP Address and Username | Uses a memory map to prevent successive failed login attempts for a username from the same IP address. |
| JDBC | See this guide. |
| MongoDb | See this guide. |
| Redis | See this guide. |
| Hazelcast | See this guide. |
High Availability
All of the throttling components are suitable for a CAS deployment that satisfies the recommended HA architecture. In particular deployments with multiple CAS nodes behind a load balancer configured with session affinity can use either in-memory or inspektr components. It is instructive to discuss the rationale. Since load balancer session affinity is determined by source IP address, which is the same criterion by which throttle policy is applied, an attacker from a fixed location should be bound to the same CAS server node for successive authentication attempts. A distributed attack, on the other hand, where successive request would be routed indeterminately, would cause haphazard tracking for in-memory CAS components since attempts would be split across N systems. However, since the source varies, accurate accounting would be pointless since the throttling components themselves assume a constant source IP for tracking purposes. The login throttling components are not sufficient for detecting or preventing a distributed password brute force attack.